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BIOLOGY > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are communicable diseases caused by

A

pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

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2
Q

how can diet affect diet

A

too little food or nutrients = anaemia or deficiency diseases

too much = cancers or type 2 diabetes

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3
Q

how can stress affect health

A

heart disease, cancers and mental health problems

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4
Q

examples of life situations that affect health

A 
financial status 
gender
ethnicity 
hygiene 
sanitation
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5
Q

what is health

A

physical and mental well being

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6
Q

what are pathogens

A

microorganisms that cause disease

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7
Q

what is different between viruses and bacteria

A

viruses take over living cells to reproduce

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8
Q

how are pathogens spread through air

A

sneezing and droplets travelling through the air

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9
Q

how are diseases spread

A

through air contact and water

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10
Q

what is binary fission

A

how bacteria divide

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11
Q

why are microorganisms cultures <25 degrees

A

stops spreading to human

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12
Q

what did Semmelweis do

A

told surgeons to wash hands

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13
Q

what did joseph lister discover

A

antiseptic

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14
Q

examples of hygiene to stop disease spreading

A

hand washing
keeping raw meat separate
using tissues

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15
Q

ways to stop disease spreading

A

hygiene
isolating infected individuals
destroying/ controlling vectors
vaccines

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16
Q

problems of measles

A

no cure

possible blindness and brain damage

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17
Q

characteristics of hiv aids

A

HIV is a flu like virus that immune system

progresses to aids where immune system is severely damaged

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18
Q

how can hiv be presented

A

condoms, not sharing needles, screening blood

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19
Q

characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus

A

distinctive pattern on leaves
spread between contact
no treatment

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20
Q

characteristics of salmonella

A

bacteria found in raw meat and egg
symptoms include cramps and sickness
diarrhoea

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21
Q

characteristics of gonorrhoea

A

STD
spread by unprotected sex
symptoms include green discharge
bacterial so killed by antibiotics

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22
Q

examples of bacterial diseases in plants

A

crown galls

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23
Q

fungal diseases in humans

A

few but include athletes foot

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24
Q

characteristics of rose black spot

A

fungal disease

purple or black spots

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25
Q

why is rose black spot so bad

A

leaves turn yellow and drop = less photosynthesis

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26
Q

what is a protist

A

what the vector transfers

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27
Q

how is skin adapted to stop microorganisms

A

acts as a barrier
layer of dead skin cells
antibacterial secretions

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28
Q

how is the respiratory system adapted against microorganisms

A

nose full of hairs which trap pathogens
mucus
stomach acid

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29
Q

what are the three roles of wbcs

A

ingest microorganisms
produce antibodies
produce antitoxins

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30
Q

what is an aphid

A

insects that penetrate into phloem and feed on sap

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31
Q

what does a lack of magnesium lead to

A

yellow leaves - chlorosis

32
Q

what does a nitrate deficiency do

A

limited growth

33
Q

what does phosphorous do

A

healthy roots

34
Q

physical barriers of plants

A

cell walls tough waxy cuticle
layer of dead cells
dropping leaves
mimicry ill plants

35
Q

name 3 viral diseases

A

measles
HIV
tobacco
mosaic virus

36
Q

how is measles spread

A

bodily fluids

37
Q

symptoms of measles

A

red rash fever

38
Q

how is hiv spread

A

sexual contact

39
Q

symptoms of hiv

A

flu like symptoms

40
Q

what does hiv do

A

attacks immune system

41
Q

why is hiv so bad

A

it can turn into aids where your body cant defend itself against diseases

42
Q

symptoms of tmv

A

mosaic pattern of plant leaves

43
Q

why is tmv so bad

A

the discolouration of leaves mean the plant cant photosynthesise so it affects growth

44
Q

name a fungal disease that attacks plants

A

rose black spot

45
Q

symptoms of rose black spot

A

purple or black spots grow on plants

46
Q

why is rose black spot so bad

A

it causes the leaves to drop off so plant cant photosynthesise and grow

47
Q

how is rbs spread

A

water or air

48
Q

name a disease cause by a protist

A

malaria

49
Q

how does malaria spread

A

a protist carrying that disease attaches to a mosquito and so when the mosquito feeds off a human it transmits the disease

50
Q

symptoms of malaria

A

fever

51
Q

how to prevent malaria

A

mosquito nets insecticide

52
Q

how to prevent rbs

A

fungicides and removing infected plant

53
Q

how to prevent measles

A

vaccination

54
Q

name two bacterial diseases

A

salmonella

gonorrhoea

55
Q

symptoms of salmonella

A

fever stomach cramps

sickness diarrhoea

56
Q

how is salmonella caught

A

by eating contaminated food

57
Q

how to prevent salmonella

A

cook food properly

vaccinate chickens

58
Q

how is gonorrhoea spread

A

sexual contact

59
Q

symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

painful urination

green or yellow discharge

60
Q

why is gonorrhoea now trickier to prevent

A

strains of it have become resistant to penicillin

61
Q

how to prevent getting gonorrhoea

A

use barrier methods of contraception antibiotics

62
Q

how to reduce spread of disease

A

hygiene
destroy vectors
isolation
vaccination

63
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

when wbc engulf pathogens

64
Q

what can a bad diet cause

A

type 2 diabetes or cancers

65
Q

what can stress cause

A

heart disease
cancer
mental problems

66
Q

what can bad sanitation cause

A

diarrhoea

67
Q

how do pathogens make you ill

A

produce toxins

take over cells

68
Q

what is a mutation

A

a change in dna

69
Q

what is a culture medium

A

contains nutrients for bacteria to grow

70
Q

although a disinfectant may kill the most bacteria why might it not be best

A

could be toxic or harmful too humans

71
Q

symptoms of measles

A

fever and rash

72
Q

what is measles caused by

A

droplet infection

73
Q

symptoms of diseases in plants 4

A

spots of leaves
stunted growth
tumours
discolouration

74
Q

how does nicotine cause you to become addicted to smoking

A

it alters chemical processes in the body

75
Q

what is a pandemic

A

a disease affecting people in many countries

76
Q

what is thalidomide now used to treat

A

leprosy

BIOLOGY (19 decks)

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