CHAPTER 5 Flashcards
what are communicable diseases caused by
pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
how can diet affect diet
too little food or nutrients = anaemia or deficiency diseases
too much = cancers or type 2 diabetes
how can stress affect health
heart disease, cancers and mental health problems
examples of life situations that affect health
financial status gender ethnicity hygiene sanitation
what is health
physical and mental well being
what are pathogens
microorganisms that cause disease
what is different between viruses and bacteria
viruses take over living cells to reproduce
how are pathogens spread through air
sneezing and droplets travelling through the air
how are diseases spread
through air contact and water
what is binary fission
how bacteria divide
why are microorganisms cultures <25 degrees
stops spreading to human
what did Semmelweis do
told surgeons to wash hands
what did joseph lister discover
antiseptic
examples of hygiene to stop disease spreading
hand washing
keeping raw meat separate
using tissues
ways to stop disease spreading
hygiene
isolating infected individuals
destroying/ controlling vectors
vaccines
problems of measles
no cure
possible blindness and brain damage
characteristics of hiv aids
HIV is a flu like virus that immune system
progresses to aids where immune system is severely damaged
how can hiv be presented
condoms, not sharing needles, screening blood
characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus
distinctive pattern on leaves
spread between contact
no treatment
characteristics of salmonella
bacteria found in raw meat and egg
symptoms include cramps and sickness
diarrhoea
characteristics of gonorrhoea
STD
spread by unprotected sex
symptoms include green discharge
bacterial so killed by antibiotics
examples of bacterial diseases in plants
crown galls
fungal diseases in humans
few but include athletes foot
characteristics of rose black spot
fungal disease
purple or black spots
why is rose black spot so bad
leaves turn yellow and drop = less photosynthesis
what is a protist
what the vector transfers
how is skin adapted to stop microorganisms
acts as a barrier
layer of dead skin cells
antibacterial secretions
how is the respiratory system adapted against microorganisms
nose full of hairs which trap pathogens
mucus
stomach acid
what are the three roles of wbcs
ingest microorganisms
produce antibodies
produce antitoxins
what is an aphid
insects that penetrate into phloem and feed on sap
what does a lack of magnesium lead to
yellow leaves - chlorosis
what does a nitrate deficiency do
limited growth
what does phosphorous do
healthy roots
physical barriers of plants
cell walls tough waxy cuticle
layer of dead cells
dropping leaves
mimicry ill plants
name 3 viral diseases
measles
HIV
tobacco
mosaic virus
how is measles spread
bodily fluids
symptoms of measles
red rash fever
how is hiv spread
sexual contact
symptoms of hiv
flu like symptoms
what does hiv do
attacks immune system
why is hiv so bad
it can turn into aids where your body cant defend itself against diseases
symptoms of tmv
mosaic pattern of plant leaves
why is tmv so bad
the discolouration of leaves mean the plant cant photosynthesise so it affects growth
name a fungal disease that attacks plants
rose black spot
symptoms of rose black spot
purple or black spots grow on plants
why is rose black spot so bad
it causes the leaves to drop off so plant cant photosynthesise and grow
how is rbs spread
water or air
name a disease cause by a protist
malaria
how does malaria spread
a protist carrying that disease attaches to a mosquito and so when the mosquito feeds off a human it transmits the disease
symptoms of malaria
fever
how to prevent malaria
mosquito nets insecticide
how to prevent rbs
fungicides and removing infected plant
how to prevent measles
vaccination
name two bacterial diseases
salmonella
gonorrhoea
symptoms of salmonella
fever stomach cramps
sickness diarrhoea
how is salmonella caught
by eating contaminated food
how to prevent salmonella
cook food properly
vaccinate chickens
how is gonorrhoea spread
sexual contact
symptoms of gonorrhoea
painful urination
green or yellow discharge
why is gonorrhoea now trickier to prevent
strains of it have become resistant to penicillin
how to prevent getting gonorrhoea
use barrier methods of contraception antibiotics
how to reduce spread of disease
hygiene
destroy vectors
isolation
vaccination
what is phagocytosis
when wbc engulf pathogens
what can a bad diet cause
type 2 diabetes or cancers
what can stress cause
heart disease
cancer
mental problems
what can bad sanitation cause
diarrhoea
how do pathogens make you ill
produce toxins
take over cells
what is a mutation
a change in dna
what is a culture medium
contains nutrients for bacteria to grow
although a disinfectant may kill the most bacteria why might it not be best
could be toxic or harmful too humans
symptoms of measles
fever and rash
what is measles caused by
droplet infection
symptoms of diseases in plants 4
spots of leaves
stunted growth
tumours
discolouration
how does nicotine cause you to become addicted to smoking
it alters chemical processes in the body
what is a pandemic
a disease affecting people in many countries
what is thalidomide now used to treat
leprosy
