chapter 7 & 8 - the axial and appendicular skeleton Flashcards
where is the axial skeleton located?
down the center of the body
where is the appendicular skeleton?
upper/lower limbs, bones that form girdles that connect limbs to axial skeleton
what is the keystone bone?
the sphenoid bone
how many facial bones are there?
14
how many cervical vertebrae are there?
7 (c1-c7)
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12 (t1-t12)
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5 (l1-l5)
what are the bones of the vertebral column?
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
what bone is at the end of the spine?
coccyx
what two bones are at the bottom of the spine?
sacrum and coccyx
what is another name for c1?
atlas
what is the atlanto-occipital joint responsible for?
flexion and extension (nodding head yes)
what is the c2 called?
axis
what is the atlanto-axal joint responsible for?
rotation (shaking head no)
what are the two parts to a disc?
annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus
what is the outer tough fibrocartilage of the vertebral discs?
annulus fibrosis
what is the inner, gelatinous portion of the vertebral discs?
nucleus pulposus
what are the three curves of the spine?
cervical, lumbar, and thoracic
what type of curve is the cervical and lumbar curve?
lordotic/convex
what type of curve is a convex curve?
lordotic
what type of curve is concave?
kyphotic
what type of curve is the thoracic and sacral curve?
kyphotic/concave
what is an abnormal curvature in upper back?
hyperkyphosis
what is an abnormal curvature in the low back?
hyperlordosis
what is the breastbone?
sternum
what is the bottom point of the sternum?
xiphoid process
how many pairs of ribs are there?
12
how many pairs of true ribs are there?
7
how many pairs of false ribs are there?
5
which ribs are the floating ribs?
rib 11 and 12
what makes a true rib?
they connect directly into the sternum
what does the shoulder girdle consist of?
the scapula and clavicle
what is the only bone in the arm?
the humerus
what does the humerus articulate with?
scapula
what does the humerus and scapula form?
the glenohumeral joint
what bones form the forearm?
the radius and ulna
which forearm bone is lateral?
radius
what forearm bone is medial?
ulna
what is the elbow joint made up of?
the humerolradial joint and the humerolulnar joint
how many wrist bones are there?
8 carpal bones, two rows
how many bones in the palm/hand?
5 metacarpal bones
what are the phalanges in the fingers?
proximal, middle, and distal
what are the phalanges in the thumb?
proximal and distal
which finger is the first finger?
thumb
what makes up the pelvic girdle?
2 hip bones
what are the three parts of the hip bones?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
which part of the hipbone do you sit on?
ischium
what makes up the thigh?
the femur
what is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone?
the femur
what is another name for the knee cap?
patella
what is the largest and only named sesamoid bone in the body?
patella
what makes up the lower leg?
fibula and tibia
which lower leg bone is outer leg bone?
fibula
what is the weight bearing bone in the leg?
tibia
what is the ankle joint called?
the talocrural joint
what is the talocrural joint responsible for?
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
what is the talocalcaneal joint responsible for?
eversion/inversion
how many tarsal bones in the foot?
seven
what is the big toe called?
hallux
