chapter 14 - the brain and cranial nerves Flashcards
what are the three protective coverings of the brain?
dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
what are extensions of the dura mater that form hard membranes?
dural extensions
what are the three important dural extensions?
falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli
what depends vertically on the brain, separating into two cerebral hemispheres?
falx cerebri
what small triangular process separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?
falx cerebelli
what separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
tentorium cerebelli
what produces cerebral spinal fluid?
choroid plexues
what reabsorbs cerebral spinal fluid into the blood?
arachnoid villi
what makes up the brain stem?
medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
what controls breathing and heart rate?
medulla oblongata
what is the relay station of the brain, involved in motor control and sensory analysis?
pons
what part of the brain is responsible for. vision, hearing, and eye & body movements?
midbrain
what is a netlike region of gray and white matter inter spread throughout the brainstem?
reticular foramen
what functions to maintain consciousness?
reticular activating system (RAS)
what makes up the diencephalon?
thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus
what is the major relay station of the brain for all sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex?
thalamus
what controls hormones of the endocrine and autonomic system?
hypothalamus
what is responsible for body temperature?
hypothalamus
what is responsible for hunger and thirst?
hypothalamus
what regulates emotional and behavioral patterns?
hypothalamus
what regulates circadian rhythm?
hypothalamus
where is the pineal gland located?
epithalamus
what secretes melatonin?
pineal gland
what is the “little brain”?
the cerebellum
what regulates posture, equilibrium, and balance?
the cerebellum
what part of the brain is responsible for reading, writing, speaking, and remembering?
the cerebrum
what is responsible for voluntary control of motor functions?
the cerebrum
what is responsible for memory and personality?
the cerebrum
what is responsible for language?
the cerebrum
which hemisphere is used for spoken and written language, reasoning, and math and science skills?
left hemisphere
which hemisphere is used for artistic functions, emotional content of facial expressions, language, and spatial and pattern recognition?
right hemisphere
