chapter 17 - special senses

Question 1

what is the process of perceiving smells?

Answer 1

olfaction

Question 2

what are smell receptors?

Answer 2

chemoreceptors

Question 3

what nerve is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 3

facial nerve

Question 4

which nerve serves taste buds in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 4

glassopharyngeal

Question 5

which nerve serves test buds in the throat and epiglottis?

Answer 5

vagus nerve

Question 6

what are specialized cells that begin the process of converting light rays into nerve impulses?

Answer 6

photoreceptors

Question 7

what are the two parts of the retina?

Answer 7

rods and cones

Question 8

in the retina, what detects color?

Answer 8

cones

Question 9

in the retina, what is better for bright light?

Answer 9

cones

Question 10

in the retina, what detects black and white?

Answer 10

rods

Question 11

in the retina, what is better for dim light?

Answer 11

rods

Question 12

what is normal vision?

Answer 12

emmetropic

Question 13

what is the fibrous tunic composed of?

Answer 13

the cornea and the sclera

Question 14

what does the cornea do?

Answer 14

helps focus light onto the retina

Question 15

what is the vascular tunic composed of?

Answer 15

choroid and ciliary body

Question 16

what does the iris do?

Answer 16

regulates the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil

Question 17

what are the two muscles that make up the iris?

Answer 17

the radial muscle and the circular muscle

Question 18

what does the radial muscle do?

Answer 18

makes pupils open larger (“radiates” away)

Question 19

what type of response occurs in low light?

Answer 19

sympathetic response (circular muscle)

Question 20

what type of response occurs in bright light?

Answer 20

parasympathetic response (radial muscle)

Question 21

what is another name for a blind spot?

Answer 21

optic disc

Question 22

what part of the eye is similar to a lens of a camera?

Answer 22

the cornea (focuses image)

Question 23

what part of the eye is similar to film?

Answer 23

retina

Question 24

what is bending of light?

Answer 24

refraction

Question 25

what is the change in shape of lens to focus on close objects?

Answer 25

accommodation

Question 26

what is the inward movement of the eye?

Answer 26

convergence

Question 27

what is it called when only close objects can be seen clearly?

Answer 27

myopia

Question 28

what is hyperopia?

Answer 28

farsightedness

Question 29

what is it called when only distant objects can be seen clearly?

Answer 29

hyperopia

Question 30

what is the loss of vision due to aging called?

Answer 30

presbyopia

Question 31

what are the three auditory ossicles?

Answer 31

the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)

Question 32

what are the muscles of the middle ear?

Answer 32

the stapedius and the tensor tympani

Question 33

what is the smallest skeletal muscle?

Answer 33

the stapedius

Question 34

what does the middle ear do?

Answer 34

uses bony system to amplify sound vibrations

Question 35

what does the inner ear do?

Answer 35

contains hair cells that are receptors for hearing and balance

Question 36

where does hearing and balance take place?

Answer 36

inner ear

Question 37

what are the three areas of the bony labyrinth?

Answer 37

the semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the cochlea

Question 38

what is the vestibule used for?

Answer 38

static equilibrium

Question 39

what is the semicircular canal control?

Answer 39

dynamic equilibrium

Question 40

what is the portion responsible for the sensation of hearing?

Answer 40

the cochlea