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Biology 235 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the body

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs plus the bones forming the girdle that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

long bone

A

greater length than width; slightly curved for strength

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4
Q

short bone

A

somewhat cube shaped; consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface where there is a thin layer of compact bone tissue; i.e. tarsals

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5
Q

flat bones

A

thin; composed of 2 parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone; provide big area for attachment

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6
Q

irregular bones

A

complex shapes; vary in amount of spongy and compact bone

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7
Q

sesamoid bones

A

shaped like a sesame seed; develop in tendons where there is considerable friction; i.e. palms and soles

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8
Q

sutural bone

A

small bones located in sutures between cranial bones

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9
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass; i.e. superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

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10
Q

foramen

A

opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass; i.e. optic foreman of sphenoid bone

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11
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression; i.e. coronoid fossa of humerus

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12
Q

sulcus

A

furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessel, nerve or tendon; inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

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13
Q

meatus

A

tubelike opening; external auditory meatus of temporal bone

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14
Q

condyle

A

large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone; lateral condyle of femur

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15
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface; i.e. superior articular facet of vertebra

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16
Q

sulcus

A

furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessel, nerve or tendon; i.e. inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

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17
Q

meatus

A

tubelike opening; i.e. external auditor meatus of temporal bone

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18
Q

condyle

A

large, round, protuberance with a smooth articular surface at the end of bone; i.e. lateral condyle of femur

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19
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface; i.e. superior articular facet of vertebra

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20
Q

head

A

usually rounded articular projection supported on neck (constricted portion) or bone; head of femur

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21
Q

crest

A

prominent ridge or elongated projection; iliac crest of hip bone

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22
Q

epicondyle

A

typically roughened projection above condyle; medial epicondyle of femur

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23
Q

line

A

long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than crest); i.e. linea aspera of femur

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24
Q

spinous proces

A

sharp, slender projection; spinous process of vertebra

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25
trochanter
very large projection; i.e. trochanter of femur
26
tubercle
variably sized rounded projection; greater tubercle of humerus
27
tuberosity
variably sized projection that has a rough, bumpy surface; ischial tuberosity of hip bone
28
skull
bony framework of the head
29
cranial bones
form the cranial cavity, which encloses and protects the brain
30
facial bones
form the face; two nasal bones, two maxillae, two zygomatic bones, the mandible, two lacrimal bones, two palatine bones, two inferior nasal conchae, and the vomer
31
frontal bone
forms the forehead, roofs of the orbits and most the anterior part of the cranial floor
32
supraorbital margin
at the superior border of the orbits, the frontal bone thickens (Forms the supraorbital margin)
33
parietal bones (2)
form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity
34
temporal bones (2)
form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor
35
zygomatic arch
the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch
36
external auditory meatus
ear canal; directs sound waves into the ear
37
mastoid process
rounded projection of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus
38
internal auditory meatus
the opening through which the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve pass
39
occipital bone
forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium
40
foramen magnum
inferior part of the occipital bone
41
occipital condyle
oval processes with convex surfaces on either side of the foramen magnum; join with depressions on the first cervical vertebra
42
sphenoid bone
lies at the middle part of the base of the skull; keystone of the cranial floor since it articulates with all other cranial bones (holds them together)
43
optic foramen
where the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass into the orbit
44
ethmoid bone
delicate bone located in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits and is sponge-like in appearance
45
superior and middle nasal concha
two thin scroll shaped projections lateral to the nasal septum
46
facial bones
14 total (2 nasal bones, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic bones, mandible, 2 lacrimal bone, 2 palatine bones, 2 inferior nasal concha, vomer
47
nasal bones
small flattened rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose
48
lacrimal bones
smallest bones of the face; form a part of the medial wall of each orbit
49
palatine bones
L shaped bones; form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, small portion of the floors of the orbits
50
lacrimal fossa
a vertical tunnel formed with the maxilla, that houses the lacrimal sac
51
inferior nasal conchae
scroll like bones; form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity and project into the nasal cavity
52
vomer
forms inferior portion of the bony nasal septum
53
maxillae
jawbones
54
zygomatic bones
cheekbones
55
mandible
lower jawbone
56
the body of the mandible
curved horizontal portion of the mandible
57
the ramus
two perpendicular portions of the mandible
58
angle of the mandible
area where each ramus meets the body
59
condylar process
articulates with the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone
60
temporomandibular joint
articulation of the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone
61
coronoid process
temporalis muscles attach
62
alveolar process
ridgelike arch containing the alveoli for the mandibular teeth
63
nasal septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer and septal cartilage
64
orbits
eye socket
65
vertebra
series of bone composing the spinal cord
66
invertebral disc
found between bodies of vertebrae from the second cervical vertebra; form strong joints; permit movements of the vertebral column; absorb vertical shock
67
normal curves of the spine
four normal bends in the spine; cervical and lumbar curves (bulging out); thoracic and sacral curves (cupping in)
68
vertebral body
weight bearing part of the vertebra; provides attachment of cartilaginous invertebrate discs
69
vertebral arch
vertebral body and arch surround spinal cord
70
vertebral (spinal) canal
the vertebral foramina (holes) of all vertebra form the spinal canal
71
intervertebral foramen
hole that permits passage of a single spinal nerve carrying info to and from the spinal cord
72
transverse process
projects laterally on each side of the vertebral arch
73
spinous process
projects posteriorly from the vertebral arch
74
superior articular process
articulate (form joints) with the two inferior articular process of the vertebra immediately above them
75
inferior articular process
articulate with two superior articular processes of the vertebra directly below them
76
cervical vertebrae
C1-7 (top section of spine)
77
atlas
first cervical vertebra inferior to the skull
78
axis
second cervical vertebra
79
dense/ ordontoid process
projects superiorly through the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen
80
thoracic vertebra
T1-12 (upper mid section of the spine)
81
lumbar vertebra
L1-5 (lower mid section of spine)
82
sacrum
triangular bone formed by the union of 5 sacral vertebrae
83
anterior sacral foramina
S1-5 (lower section of spine) 8 holes in the sacrum
84
median sacral crest
ridge in the middle of the posterior (back) sacrum
85
posterior sacral vertebrae
S1-5 (lower section of spine) 8 holes in sacrum
86
sacral canal
continuation of vertebral cavity
87
sacroiliac joint
articulation with the ilium of each hip
88
coccyx
formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebra (Co1-Co4)
89
sternum
breastbone;
90
manubrium
superior part of the sternum
91
xiphoid process
inferior tip of the sternum
92
suprasternal notch
depression on superior surface of sternum
93
clavicular notch
articulate with medial ends of the clavicles
94
body of the sternum
middle and largest part of the sternum
95
sternal angle
junction of manubrium and body
96
ribs
12 pairs; structural support to sides of the thoracic cavity
97
costal cartilage
hyaline cartilage that attaches ribs 1-7 to the sternum
98
true ribs
1-7; the ribs that have costal cartilage and attach directly to the sternum
99
false ribs
8-12; costal cartilages attach indirectly to the sternum or do not attach to the sternum at all
100
floating ribs
11-12; the costal carriages do not attach to the sternum at all
101
head
projection at posterior end of the rib that contains a pair of articular facets
102
neck
constricted portion of rib just lateral to the head
103
tubercle
knoblike structure on the posterior surface where neck joins body
104
body
main part of the rib
105
herniated disc/ slipped disc
if there is too much pressure on the invertebral discs; the nucleus can protrude posteriorly or into one of the adjacent vertebral bodies
106
spina bifida
laminae of L4 and or S1 fail to develop normally

Biology 235 (17 decks)

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