Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 235 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

origin

A

the attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone (origin= usually proximal; insertion is usually pulled toward origin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

insertion

A

the attachment of a muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone (insertion= usually distal; insertion is usually pulled toward origin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

belly (body)

A

the fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Analogy for origin, insertion and belly

A

A spring on a door: the part of the spring attached to the frame is the origin; the part attached to the door is the insertion; the coiled middle portion of the spring is the belly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lever

A

rigid structure that can move around a fixed point: fulcrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fulcrum

A

fixed point that the lever can move around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effort (E)

A

causes the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

load/resistance

A

opposes the movement; usually the weight of the body part or resistance that the moving body part is trying to overcome (i.e. weight of a book you’re trying to lift)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prime mover/ agonist

A

muscle that contracts to cause an action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antagonist

A

stretches and yields the effects of the prime mover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

synergists

A

contract and stabilize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints or to aid the movement of the prime mover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fixator

A

stabilize the origin of the prime mover sot hat the prime mover can act more efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how skeletal muscles are named

A

Direction, size, shape, action, number of origins, location, origin and insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occipitofrontalis

A

location: face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

frontal belly (frontalis)

A

location: superficial to the frontal bone
action: draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

occipital belly

A

location: superficial to occipital bone
action: draws scalp posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

orbicularis oris

A

location: mouth
action: closes and protrudes lips, compresses lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

zygomaticus major

A

location: mouth
action: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

buccinator

A

location: mouth
action: presses cheeks against teeth and lips (blowing, sucking), draws corners of mouth laterally, assists in chewing (keeps food between teeth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

location: orbit/ eyebrow
action: closes eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

masseter (origin and insertion too)

A

location: mandible
action: elevates mandible (closing mouth)
origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch
insertion: angle and ramus of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

temporalis (origin and insertion too)

A

location: mandible
action: elevates and retracts mandible
origin: temporal bone
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sternocleidomastoid (origin and insertion too)

A

location: neck
action: flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head, flex neck and head to same side, rotate head
origin: sternal head: manubrium of sternum; clavicular head: medial third of clavicle
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

rectus abdominis (origin and insertion too)

A

location: pelvis
action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen (aid defecation, urination and childbirth)
origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

external oblique

A

location: abdomen
action: working together: compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, acting alone: laterally flex vertebral column, rotate vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

internal oblique

A

location: abdomen
action: acting together: compress abdomen and flex vertebral column, acting alone: laterally flex vertebral column and rotate vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

transversus abdominis

A

location: abdomen
action: compresses abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diaphragm

A

location: abdomen
action: contraction of diaphragm = flatten resulting in inhalation, relaxation= exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

external intercostals

A

location: abdomen
action: contraction= elevates ribs resulting in inhalation, relaxation= depresses ribs resulting in exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

internal intercostals

A

location: abdomen
action: contraction= elevates ribs resulting in inhalation, relaxation= depresses ribs resulting in exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

trapezius (origin and insertion too)

A

location: posterior thoracic
action: rotate scapula, adduct scapula, depress and upward rotate scapula, stabilize scapula
origin: superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligaments nuclei and spines of C7-T12
insertion: clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula

32
Q

levator scapulae (origin and insertion too)

A

location: posterior thoracic
action: elevates scapula and rotates it downward
origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
insertion: superior vertebral border of scapula

33
Q

rhomboid major

A

location: posterior thoracic
action: elevates and adducts scapula, rotates it downward (stabilizes scapula)
origin: spines of T2-T5
insertion: vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine

34
Q

pectoralis major (origin and insertion too)

A

location: chest
action: adducts and rotates arm at shoulder joint; clavicular head flexes arm, sternocostal head extends flexed arm to side of trunk
origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of second to sixth ribs
insertion: greater tubercle and lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

35
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

location: interior part of the back
action: extends, adducts and rotates arm at shoulder joint

36
Q

deltoid (origin and insertion too)

A

location: shoulder
action: lateral fibres abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibres flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibres extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint
origin: acromial extremity of clavicle, accordion of scapula and spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

37
Q

subscapularis

A

location: shoulder
action: medially rotates arm at shoulder joint

38
Q

supraspinatus (origin and insertion too)

A

location: shoulder
action: assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm at shoulder joint
origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

39
Q

infraspinatus

A

location: shoulder
action: laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint

40
Q

teres major

A

location: shoulder
action: extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint

41
Q

teres minor

A

location: shoulder
action: laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint

42
Q

biceps brachii (origin and insertion too)

A

location: bicep
action: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints and flexes arm at shoulder joint
origin: supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of scapula

43
Q

brachialis

A

location: bicep
action: flexes forearm at elbow joint

44
Q

brachioradialis

A

location: bicep
action: flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position

45
Q

triceps brachii (origin and insertion too)

A

location: tricep
action: extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint
origin: infraglenoid tubercle, lateral and posterior surface of humerus
insertion: olecranon of ulna

46
Q

pronator teres

A

location: forearm
action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint

47
Q

supinator

A

location: forearm
action: supinates forearm at radioulnar joints

48
Q

flexor carpi radialis (origin and insertion too)

A

location: forearm
action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: second and third metacarpals

49
Q

palmaris longus

A

location: forearm
action: weakly flexes hand at wrist joint

50
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris (origin and insertion too)

A

location: forearm
action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna
insertion: pisiform, hamate and base of fifth metacarpal

51
Q

flexor digitorium superficialis (origin and insertion too)

A

location: forearm
action: flexes middle phalanx of each finger and hand at wrist joint
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
insertion: middle phalanx of each finger

52
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

location: forearm
action: extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

53
Q

extensor digitorium (origin and insertion too)

A

location: forearm
action: extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger and hand at wrist joint
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: distal and middle phalanges of each finger

54
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris (origin and insertion too)

A

location: forearm
action: extends and adducts hand at wrist joint
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
insertion: fifth metacarpal

55
Q

psoas major (origin and insertion too)

A

location: femur
action: flex thigh at hip joing, rotate thigh laterally and flex trunk on hip
origin: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: with iliac into lesser trochanter of femur

56
Q

iliacus

A

location: pelvis
action: n/a

57
Q

gluteus maximus (origin and insertion too)

A

location: butt
action: extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh; helps lock knee in extension
origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and aponeurosis of sacrospinalis
insertion: ilitobial tract of fascia late and superior lateral part of linea aspera

58
Q

gluteus medius

A

location: butt
action: abducts thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh

59
Q

adductor longus

A

location: femur
action: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joints and rotates thigh

60
Q

adductor magnus

A

location: femur
action: adducts thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh

61
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

location: femur
action: n/a

62
Q

rectus femoris (origin and insertion too)

A

location: femur
action: extend leg at knee joint; flexes thigh at hip joint
origin: anterior inferior iliac thigh
insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity

63
Q

vastus lateralis

A

location: thigh
action: extend leg at knee joint

64
Q

vastus medialis

A

location: thigh
action: extend leg at knee joint

65
Q

vastus intermedius

A

location: thigh
action: extend leg at knee joint

66
Q

sartorius

A

location: thigh
action: weakly flexes leg at knee joint; weakly flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

67
Q

hamstrings

A

collective designation for biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

location: posterior thigh
action: extends thigh at hip joint

68
Q

biceps femoris (origin and insertion too)

A

location: thigh
action: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint
origin: long head arises from ischial tuberosity; short head arises from linea aspera of femur
insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

69
Q

semitendinosus

A

location: thigh
action: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint

70
Q

semimembranosus

A

location: thigh
action: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint

71
Q

tibialis anterior (origin and insertion too)

A

location: anterior leg
action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts foot at inter tarsal joints
origin: lateral condyle and body of tibia and interosseous membrane
insertion: first metatarsal and first cuneiform

72
Q

extensor digitorium longus (origin and insertion too)

A

location: anterior leg
action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and extends distal and middle phalanges of each toe at interphalangeal joints
origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

73
Q

fibularis (perioneus) longus

A

location: anterior leg
action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joints and everts foot at inter tarsal joints

74
Q

gastrocnemius (origin and insertion too)

A

location: superior posterior compartment of leg
action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint
origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur and capsule of knee
insertion: calcaneus by way of calcanea tendon

75
Q

soleus

A

location: superior posterior compartment of leg
action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint

76
Q

flexor digitorum longus (origin and insertion too)

A

location: deep posterior compartment of leg
action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, flexes phalanx o each toe
origin: middle third of posterior surface of tibia
insertion: distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Biology 235 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions