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Biology 235 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

origin

A

the attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone (origin= usually proximal; insertion is usually pulled toward origin)

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2
Q

insertion

A

the attachment of a muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone (insertion= usually distal; insertion is usually pulled toward origin)

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3
Q

belly (body)

A

the fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons

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4
Q

Analogy for origin, insertion and belly

A

A spring on a door: the part of the spring attached to the frame is the origin; the part attached to the door is the insertion; the coiled middle portion of the spring is the belly.

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5
Q

lever

A

rigid structure that can move around a fixed point: fulcrum

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6
Q

fulcrum

A

fixed point that the lever can move around

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7
Q

effort (E)

A

causes the movement

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8
Q

load/resistance

A

opposes the movement; usually the weight of the body part or resistance that the moving body part is trying to overcome (i.e. weight of a book you’re trying to lift)

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9
Q

prime mover/ agonist

A

muscle that contracts to cause an action

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10
Q

antagonist

A

stretches and yields the effects of the prime mover

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11
Q

synergists

A

contract and stabilize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints or to aid the movement of the prime mover

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12
Q

fixator

A

stabilize the origin of the prime mover sot hat the prime mover can act more efficiently

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13
Q

how skeletal muscles are named

A

Direction, size, shape, action, number of origins, location, origin and insertion

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14
Q

occipitofrontalis

A

location: face

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15
Q

frontal belly (frontalis)

A

location: superficial to the frontal bone
action: draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally

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16
Q

occipital belly

A

location: superficial to occipital bone
action: draws scalp posteriorly

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17
Q

orbicularis oris

A

location: mouth
action: closes and protrudes lips, compresses lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech

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18
Q

zygomaticus major

A

location: mouth
action: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling)

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19
Q

buccinator

A

location: mouth
action: presses cheeks against teeth and lips (blowing, sucking), draws corners of mouth laterally, assists in chewing (keeps food between teeth)

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20
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

location: orbit/ eyebrow
action: closes eye

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21
Q

masseter (origin and insertion too)

A

location: mandible
action: elevates mandible (closing mouth)
origin: maxilla and zygomatic arch
insertion: angle and ramus of mandible

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22
Q

temporalis (origin and insertion too)

A

location: mandible
action: elevates and retracts mandible
origin: temporal bone
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

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23
Q

sternocleidomastoid (origin and insertion too)

A

location: neck
action: flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head, flex neck and head to same side, rotate head
origin: sternal head: manubrium of sternum; clavicular head: medial third of clavicle
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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24
Q

rectus abdominis (origin and insertion too)

A

location: pelvis
action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen (aid defecation, urination and childbirth)
origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

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25
external oblique
location: abdomen action: working together: compress abdomen, flex vertebral column, acting alone: laterally flex vertebral column, rotate vertebral column
26
internal oblique
location: abdomen action: acting together: compress abdomen and flex vertebral column, acting alone: laterally flex vertebral column and rotate vertebral column
27
transversus abdominis
location: abdomen action: compresses abdomen
28
diaphragm
location: abdomen action: contraction of diaphragm = flatten resulting in inhalation, relaxation= exhalation
29
external intercostals
location: abdomen action: contraction= elevates ribs resulting in inhalation, relaxation= depresses ribs resulting in exhalation
30
internal intercostals
location: abdomen action: contraction= elevates ribs resulting in inhalation, relaxation= depresses ribs resulting in exhalation
31
trapezius (origin and insertion too)
location: posterior thoracic action: rotate scapula, adduct scapula, depress and upward rotate scapula, stabilize scapula origin: superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligaments nuclei and spines of C7-T12 insertion: clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula
32
levator scapulae (origin and insertion too)
location: posterior thoracic action: elevates scapula and rotates it downward origin: transverse processes of C1-C4 insertion: superior vertebral border of scapula
33
rhomboid major
location: posterior thoracic action: elevates and adducts scapula, rotates it downward (stabilizes scapula) origin: spines of T2-T5 insertion: vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine
34
pectoralis major (origin and insertion too)
location: chest action: adducts and rotates arm at shoulder joint; clavicular head flexes arm, sternocostal head extends flexed arm to side of trunk origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of second to sixth ribs insertion: greater tubercle and lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
35
latissimus dorsi
location: interior part of the back action: extends, adducts and rotates arm at shoulder joint
36
deltoid (origin and insertion too)
location: shoulder action: lateral fibres abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibres flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibres extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint origin: acromial extremity of clavicle, accordion of scapula and spine of scapula insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
37
subscapularis
location: shoulder action: medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
38
supraspinatus (origin and insertion too)
location: shoulder action: assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm at shoulder joint origin: subscapular fossa of scapula insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
39
infraspinatus
location: shoulder action: laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint
40
teres major
location: shoulder action: extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint
41
teres minor
location: shoulder action: laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint
42
biceps brachii (origin and insertion too)
location: bicep action: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints and flexes arm at shoulder joint origin: supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of scapula
43
brachialis
location: bicep action: flexes forearm at elbow joint
44
brachioradialis
location: bicep action: flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position
45
triceps brachii (origin and insertion too)
location: tricep action: extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint origin: infraglenoid tubercle, lateral and posterior surface of humerus insertion: olecranon of ulna
46
pronator teres
location: forearm action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint
47
supinator
location: forearm action: supinates forearm at radioulnar joints
48
flexor carpi radialis (origin and insertion too)
location: forearm action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: second and third metacarpals
49
palmaris longus
location: forearm action: weakly flexes hand at wrist joint
50
flexor carpi ulnaris (origin and insertion too)
location: forearm action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and superior posterior border of ulna insertion: pisiform, hamate and base of fifth metacarpal
51
flexor digitorium superficialis (origin and insertion too)
location: forearm action: flexes middle phalanx of each finger and hand at wrist joint origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna insertion: middle phalanx of each finger
52
extensor carpi radialis longus
location: forearm action: extends and abducts hand at wrist joint
53
extensor digitorium (origin and insertion too)
location: forearm action: extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger and hand at wrist joint origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: distal and middle phalanges of each finger
54
extensor carpi ulnaris (origin and insertion too)
location: forearm action: extends and adducts hand at wrist joint origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna insertion: fifth metacarpal
55
psoas major (origin and insertion too)
location: femur action: flex thigh at hip joing, rotate thigh laterally and flex trunk on hip origin: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae insertion: with iliac into lesser trochanter of femur
56
iliacus
location: pelvis action: n/a
57
gluteus maximus (origin and insertion too)
location: butt action: extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh; helps lock knee in extension origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and aponeurosis of sacrospinalis insertion: ilitobial tract of fascia late and superior lateral part of linea aspera
58
gluteus medius
location: butt action: abducts thigh at hip joint and medially rotates thigh
59
adductor longus
location: femur action: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joints and rotates thigh
60
adductor magnus
location: femur action: adducts thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh
61
quadriceps femoris
location: femur action: n/a
62
rectus femoris (origin and insertion too)
location: femur action: extend leg at knee joint; flexes thigh at hip joint origin: anterior inferior iliac thigh insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity
63
vastus lateralis
location: thigh action: extend leg at knee joint
64
vastus medialis
location: thigh action: extend leg at knee joint
65
vastus intermedius
location: thigh action: extend leg at knee joint
66
sartorius
location: thigh action: weakly flexes leg at knee joint; weakly flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
67
hamstrings
collective designation for biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus location: posterior thigh action: extends thigh at hip joint
68
biceps femoris (origin and insertion too)
location: thigh action: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint origin: long head arises from ischial tuberosity; short head arises from linea aspera of femur insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
69
semitendinosus
location: thigh action: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint
70
semimembranosus
location: thigh action: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint
71
tibialis anterior (origin and insertion too)
location: anterior leg action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts foot at inter tarsal joints origin: lateral condyle and body of tibia and interosseous membrane insertion: first metatarsal and first cuneiform
72
extensor digitorium longus (origin and insertion too)
location: anterior leg action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and extends distal and middle phalanges of each toe at interphalangeal joints origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
73
fibularis (perioneus) longus
location: anterior leg action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joints and everts foot at inter tarsal joints
74
gastrocnemius (origin and insertion too)
location: superior posterior compartment of leg action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur and capsule of knee insertion: calcaneus by way of calcanea tendon
75
soleus
location: superior posterior compartment of leg action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint
76
flexor digitorum longus (origin and insertion too)
location: deep posterior compartment of leg action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, flexes phalanx o each toe origin: middle third of posterior surface of tibia insertion: distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Biology 235 (17 decks)

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