Chapter 7 Flashcards
production of energy without O2
Fermentation (Anaerobic Cellular Respiration)
production of energy with O2.
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –>6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat)
C6H12O6: carb “glucose”
O2: we breathe in
CO2: we breathe out as a result
Stages of Cellular Respiration:
1.) Glycolysis
2.) Pyruvate Oxidation
3.) Citric Acid Cycle
4.) Oxidative Phosphorylation
Where is the process of glycolysis located?
in cytoplasm
Glycolysis Equation:
glucose (reactant)–> 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2H2O, 2 NADH (product)
Break down and split glucose in half to give us energy
Glycolysis
No ATP is made here. Is made in the mitochondria
Breakdown of Pyruvate
Breakdown of Pyruvate Equation:
2 pyruvate–> 2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH
In mitochondria. turns two times.
Citric Acid Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle:
2 acetyl CoA–> 2 ATP, 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2CO2 per turn
Carbs is liked most to break down and make ATP energy
if glucose isn’t enough or any left to make ATP… fats are used… then proteins… then nucleic acids to make ATP
NADH and FADH2 are all what?
electron carriers (-)
Oxidative Phosphorylation Equation:
NADH, FADH2—> 26-32 ATP
O2 —> H2O
O2 is terminally final electron acceptor
Occurs whether or not O2 is present
Has two major phases: energy investment phase and energy pay off phase
Glycolysis
In the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria. Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes
Electron Transport Chain
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. FADH2 and NADH from previous steps donate electrons to the electron transport chain.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the protein complex, ATP synthase
ATP Synthesis
Consists of glycolysis plus reactions that regenerate plus reactions that generate NAD+, which can be reused by glycolysis. Only glycolysis occurs. Temporary, last ditch effort to provide your body with ATP.
When oxygen is not present, glycolysis couples with this or aerobic respiration to produce ATP
Fermentation
pyruvate is converted to ethanol
Alcohol Fermentation
Body converts NADH and pyruvate into lactic acid. Pyruvate is reduced by NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Equation:
Glucose–> 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H2O, 2 ATP
animal=lactic acid
yeast= ethanol and CO2
When oxygen is utilized to synthesize ATP, this is known as:
A.) Cellular Respiration
B.) Aerobic synthesis
C.) Metabolism
D.) Anaerobic Respiration
E.) Aerobic Respiration
A.) Cellular Respiration
The oxygen utilized in cellular respiration gets converted into:
A.) CO2
B.) ATP
C.) new O2
D.) H2O
E.) part of sugar
D.) H2O
Which of the following is the correct net gain of products from glycolysis?
A.) 4 ATP; 2 NADH; 2 pyruvate
B.) 2 ATP; 4 NADH; 4 pyruvate
C.) 2 ATP; 4 NADH; 2 pyruvate
D.) 2 ATP; 2 FADH2; 2 pyruvate
E.) 2 ATP; 2 NADH; 2 pyruvate
E.) 2 ATP; 2 NADH; 2 pyruvate
