Chapter 10 Flashcards
A series of events in a cell’s lifetime. When cell divides and plot into 2. Allow growth from a single cell.
Cell cycle
All cells DNA. Or all of your DNA. Chromosomes make up this.
Genome
New cell has to have all DNA. How many chromosomes make up your genome?
46
Every single cell in your body except sperm/egg. How many sets of chromosomes do they have?
Somatic, 2 sets
Reproductive cells— sperm/egg. How many sets of chromosomes?
Gametes, 1 set
Example: skin cell: DNA would be (23) in egg and sperm (23) .
To make a baby that is half your moms and half your dads DNA
Phases of Cell Cycle (Mitosis):
1.) Interphase
2.) Mitotic (M) phase
1.) Interphase
A.) G1 phase
B.) S phase
C.) G2 phase
2.) Mitotic (M) phase
A.) Prophase
B.) Metaphase
C.) Anaphase
D.) Telophase
3.) Cytokenesis
Before cell division, DNA is what?
replicated
duplicated chromosomes
sister chromatid
where the chromatids are attached
centromere
division of genetic material. Creates what daughter cells that are somatic?
Mitosis, diploid
Cell is not dividing or splitting into 2
Interphase
Mitosis and cytokinesis—-is dividing
Mitotic (M) phase
Cells is growing/getting bigger; makes a decision that it needs to divide like an “automatic” program
G1 phase
‘Synthesis’ —makes new DNA because we’re making a new cell that needs its own DNA. Cells grow in all 3 phases but only duplicate in this phase.
S phase
Cell checks itself— checks that all DNA is made properly and properly grown
G2 phase
Sister chromatid duplicate/copy chromosomes— DNA. Keeps copies together. Nucleus split into 2
Mitosis
DNA condenses/comes together to get organized. Spindle fibers form. Temporarily remove nucleus/nucleus dissolves. Sister chromatids—- copies are associated/linked together
Prophase
Middle of cell. Chromatids are lined/align up in middle of cell. Get them organized because they’re about to split apart
Metaphase
Chromatids are being pulled apart. The copies are being split/ pulled apart by spindle fibers. What is it and what pull apart the chromatids?
Anaphase. Proteins pull apart the chromatids
Opposite of prophase. DNA spreads back out/ doesn’t need to be organized, condenses, spindle fibers dissolve, nucleus reforms (2)—2 separate nucleus but not 2 different complete cells yet
Telophase
Cytoplasm divides into 2. Have 2 cells; created 2 new somatic cells; cells are identical to cell you started with meaning the DNA
Cytokenesis
In animal cells, this occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming cleavage furrow. In plant cells, a cell plate forms during this.
Cytokinesis
The frequency of cell division varies with the type of cell.
These differences result from regulation at the molecular level. Cancer cells manage to escape the usual controls on the cell cycle.
Cell Cycle Regulation
Regulate cell cycle. Make sure your cells are going through the cell cycle correctly. Cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received.
Checkpoints
Which of the following events does NOT occur during M-phase?
A.) Nuclear division
B.) Chromosome separation
C.) Cytoplasm Division
D.) Cell growth
E.) Nuclear division and cytoplasm division
D. Cell growth
A skin cell has 46 chromosomes in G1. How many chromosomes does that cell have in G2? After the M-phase?
92, then 46
