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BIO-111 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do atoms join together to make?

A

Molecules

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2
Q

What are the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element?

A

Atoms

Atoms can be broken down into its parts: Subatomic Particles

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3
Q

What are the parts atoms can be broken down into?

A

Subatomic Particles

Neutrons: no electrical charge
Protons: positive, in nucleus
Electrons: negative, in cloud (outside of nucleus)

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4
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

number of protons

Carbon (C) example: atomic # = 6 (number of protons)

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5
Q

What is the calculation for atomic mass?

A

protons + neutrons

calculation: atomic mass = (number of protons + neutrons)

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6
Q

Revert to Ch.2 Notes to know how to calculate atomic mass and chemical bonds—> turn flascard

A

atoms will form molecules because outer shell is not full

inner shell: any holds 2
outer shell: only hold 8

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7
Q

What type of chemical bonds involve shared electrons and are atoms held together by shared electrons?

A

Covalent Bonds

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8
Q

What do neutrons equal? Protons? And Electrons? Which ones are inside or outside the nucleus

A

Neutrons: no electrical charge
Protons: positive, in nucleus
Electrons: negative, in cloud (outside of nucleus)

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9
Q

Electrons are not 50/50. Atoms do not share electrons equally.
Example: H2O water *** look at notes for example

A

Polar Covalent Bond

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10
Q

positive & negative attract each other & create this. 2 molecules

A

Hydrogen Bond

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11
Q

only go in 1 direction

A

Irreversible reactions

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12
Q

<—>

A

Reversible reactions

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13
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Made of elements.

A

Matter

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14
Q

Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

A

Elements

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15
Q

Substances composed of two or more elements bonded together.

A

Compounds

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16
Q

Elements needed by an organism to live a healthy life and reproduce.

C, H, O, N make up 96% of living matter.

A

Essential Elements

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17
Q

The ability to cause change.

A

Energy

18
Q

Energy that matter has because of its location or structure.

A

Potential energy

19
Q

Atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

20
Q

The atom’s attraction for electrons in a covalent bond; the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons

A

Electronegativity

21
Q

Attraction between anion and cation. Where atom gives bond.

A

Ionic bonds

22
Q

Required in only minute quantities

A

Trace Elements

23
Q

electrons in the outer shell.

A

Valence electrons

24
Q

What is a positively charged ion? What is a negatively charged ion?

A

Positive—> cation
Negative —> anion

25
Q

Atoms share electrons equally

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

26
Q

Making and breaking of chemical bonds.

A

Chemical reactions

27
Q

Starting molecules of chemical reactions

A

Reactants

28
Q

The final molecules of a chemical reaction

A

Product

29
Q

Cohesive behavior. Ability to moderate temperature.
Expansion upon freezing. Versatility as a solvent.

A

Emergent Properties of Water

30
Q

liquid that is a homogenous mixture of substances

A

Solution

31
Q

Dissolving agent, usually water

A

Solvent

32
Q

Substance that is dissolved

A

Solute

33
Q

Water molecules are linked by multiple hydrogen bonds.

Water molecules stay close together

A

Cohesion

34
Q

Water sticks to other substances

A

Adhesion

35
Q

Measure of H ions

A

pH scale
Acids—> increase H concentration
Bases—> reduce H concentration

36
Q

Which of the following subatomic particles is found in an orbital?

A.) Electron
B.) Hydrogen
C.) Proton
D.) Neutron

A

B.) Electrons

37
Q

Ions with a net negative charge are called _________, while ions with a net positive charge are called __________.
A.) electrons; protons
B.) anions; cations
C.) acids; bases
D. cations; anions
E.) polar; nonpolar

A

B.) anions; cations

38
Q

What is an atom that has different numbers of neutrons?

A

Isotope

39
Q

AN atom that has a different number of electrons are?

A

ions

40
Q

What ions give away electrons? What ions are electrons that are negative and receive the electron?

A

1.)cation
2.) anion

41
Q
A

BIO-111 (17 decks)

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