Chapter 6

Question 1

All chemical reactions in your body; all of the chemical reactions in an organism. Build and break molecules.
amino acids–> proteins
<–

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

Begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product, each step catalyzed by specific enzyme

Answer 2

Metabolic pathway

Question 3

Where you breakdown a molecule. Release energy by breaking down complex molecules. Need enzymes to make reactions occur.

Answer 3

Catabolic pathways

Question 4

Example of catabolic pathways would be?

Answer 4

nucleic acid–>nucleotides

Question 5

Catabolic. Exit when molecules break down. Releases of free energy and is spontaneous. Makes and gives energy

Answer 5

Exergonic

Question 6

Example of Exergonic

Answer 6

nucleic acid–>nucleotides and ATP

Question 7

build molecules up. Consume energy to build complex molecules.

Answer 7

Anabolic pathways

Question 8

Example of anabolic pathways:

Answer 8

monosaccharides–> polysaccharide

Question 9

Anabolic. require energy and is nonspontaneous.

Answer 9

Endergonic
ender: going in

Question 10

Example of endergonic:

Answer 10

ATP and Monosaccharides–> Polysaccharides

Question 11

To do work, cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, the use of what process to drive an endergonic one?

Answer 11

exergonic

Question 12

ability/capacity to promote or cause change

Answer 12

Energy

Question 13

energy of motion

Answer 13

kinetic energy

Question 14

stored energy

Answer 14

potential energy

Question 15

Convert stored potential energy to kinetic.

Answer 15

Laws of Energy Transformation

Question 16

study of energy transformations

Answer 16

Thermodynamics

Question 17

energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 17

1st Thermodynamics

Question 18

Every energy transfer or transformation increase the entropy (disorder) of the universe

Answer 18

2nd law of Thermodynamics

Question 19

disorder happens when you don’t do your laundry you need to keep doing it o have a system, an order

Answer 19

entrophy (disorder

Question 20

a chemical reaction that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by a reaction

Answer 20

protein catalyst
catalyst: something that speeds up a chemical reaction or makes a chemical reaction occur

Question 21

Example of enzyme:

Answer 21

sucrose -> glucose + fructose
(substrate) (product)
sucrose=carb/disaccharide broken doing into fructose= enzyme that makes this occur is sucrASE – “ase” means enzyme

Question 22

a reactant an enzyme works on

Answer 22

substrate

Question 23

What reaction is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 23

catabolic reaction

Question 24

Produce energy /ATP is what reaction?

Answer 24

exergonic

Question 25

When enzyme binds to substrate

Answer 25

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 26

region on enzyme where substrate binds. Little nuck or empty space, in bend of a protein

Answer 26

Active site

Question 27

Enzymes squeezes substrate by changing shape. Strains and breaks bonds holding it together and is reused. Substrate and active site need to match up perfectly.

Answer 27

Induced fit

Question 28

Highly specific, they only have one shape that matches up with each other

Answer 28

enzyme

Question 29

How enzymes work:

Answer 29

• Orienting substrates correctly
• Straining substrate bonds
• Providing a favorable microenvironment
• Covalently bonding to the substrate

Question 30

When you add more substrate what is the rate of reaction?

Answer 30

makes reaction faster

Question 31

when you can reduce more substrate what is the rate of the reaction?

Answer 31

makes the reaction slower

Question 32

Increased amount of enzyme means for the rate of reaction to what?

Answer 32

increase

Question 33

Enzymes can be affected by what? hint: just like proteins, denaturation

Answer 33

environment and temperature

Question 34

Increase pH makes the rate of reaction do what?

Answer 34

slow down/stop

Question 35

Decrease in temp makes the rate of reaction do what?

Answer 35

slow down/stop

Question 36

Helper to work. Molecules that make enzymes work correctly. Nonprotein enzyme helpers. May be inorganic or organic.
Ex–> iron in your blood cells (hemoglobin). Make hemoglobin work properly –help oxygen be given properly

Answer 36

Cofactors

Question 37

An inorganic cofactor is what?
Ex–> CoQ10
helps everything but already in your body making enzymes work properly–make ATP

Answer 37

coenzyme

Question 38

Increase inhibitor means the rate of reaction does what?

Answer 38

slow down

Question 39

Decrease inhibitor means the rate of reaction does what?

Answer 39

reaction speeds up

Question 40

Slow down reactions. Change isn’t permanent, it foes away when reaction is ready to occur

Answer 40

inhibitors

Question 41

Bind to active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate. Competes with substrate in binding with active site inhibiting reaction.

Answer 41

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 42

Bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective. Binds to allosteric site (not active site) causing enzyme to change shape.

Answer 42

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

Question 43

The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway. Self regulation. Prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources by synthesizing more product than is needed.

Act as an inhibitor early on in the pathway, don’t want to waste time, if you’re going to do it, do it in the beginning=save resources.
Ex–> want to become a doctor–>go to school–>make a plan–>take science and then decide I don’t like it as much but you do like psychology and change path to get to the end product.

Answer 43

Feedback Inhibitor