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BIO-111 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

23 pairs= 46 total (unsomatic cells)
22 pairs = autsomes (have nothing to do with sex but do deal with traits for ex.)
Last pair of chromosomes deals with sex cells — x,y -means boy. x,x means girl

A
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2
Q

transmission of traits from one generation to nex

A

Heredity

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3
Q

study of heredity and variation

A

Genetics

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4
Q

Units of heredity, made up of segments of DNA

A

Genes

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5
Q

Genes are passed to the next generation by these. These are sex cells.

A

Gametes

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6
Q

Gametes are also known as what? Somatic cells are also known as what?

A

Haploids, diploid

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7
Q

Human somatic cells have how many pairs of chromosomes?

A

23

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8
Q

ordered display of chromosome pairs

A

Karyotype

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9
Q

union of gametes

A

Fertilization

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10
Q

fertilized egg

A

zygote

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11
Q

Gametes are produced by what?

A

Meiosis

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12
Q

Members of the same chromosome pairs. Are not identical but code for the same information.
Ex–>brown eyes, blue eyes. Info is same with eye color. Just stated a different color and different parent has different trait.

A

homologous/homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

Like mitosis this is preceded by what?

A

chromosome replication

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14
Q

Has two “rounds” of division (meiosis 1 and meiosis 2). Nuclear division that creates haploid cells (sex cells)

A

Meiosis

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15
Q

Before meiosis the nucleus divides and it still must do what?

A

copy your DNA

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16
Q

The two cell divisions result in how many daughter cells, instead of two daughter cells in mitosis?

A

4 daughter cells

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17
Q

Each daughter cell in meiosis has only how many chromosomes as the parent cell?

A

Only has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

18
Q

What are the three mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation?

A

1.) Independent assortment of chromosomes
2.) Crossing over
3.) Random fertilization

19
Q

Homologous pairs of chromosomes orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis.

A

Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

20
Q

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. Only during prophase I.

A

Crossing Over

21
Q

Any sperm can fuse with any ovum (unfertilized egg)

A

Random Fertilization

22
Q

Cells in ovary/testes. Is diploid (full set- 23 chromosome pairs)

A

Interphase

23
Q

Grows, decides to divide

A

G1 phase

24
Q

DNA copies

A

S phase

25
Q

cell checks itself

A

G2 phase

26
Q

Separate homologous (members of same species)

A

Meiosis I

27
Q

nucleus dissolves, spindle fibers form, DNA condenses. Sister chromatids and homologous associate

A

Prophase I

28
Q

Sister chromatids and homologous in middle of cell

A

Metaphase I

29
Q

homologous are ones who pull apart

A

Anaphase I

30
Q

nucleus forms (2); spindle fibers dissolve; decondense (spread back out)

A

Telophase I

31
Q

Division of cytoplasm.

A

Cytokinesis

32
Q

Made 2 cells. Two cells are not th same/not identical. Not the cells you started with. Not reduced the amount of chromosomes. so.. you have to do it again

A

Cytokenesis

33
Q

divide nucleus but goal is to separate the copies/sister chromatids (big blue from big blue)

A

Meiosis II

34
Q

Nucleus dissolves, DNA condenses, spindle fibers form, sister chromatids are linked/associate

A

Prophase II

35
Q

sister chromatids are in middle of cell

A

Metaphase II

36
Q

sister chromatids get pulled apart ( blue and blue split)

A

Anaphase II

37
Q

gonna have 4 nucleus reforms (4)

A

Telophase II

38
Q

4 cells are made to turn into egg or sperm. 4 haploid cells. not identical

A

Cytokinesis

39
Q

Consider an organism whose karyotype shows it to have a total of 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be contained in the sperm of this organism?
A.) 23
B.) 30
C.) 46
D.) 60
E.) 90

A

B.) 30

40
Q
A
41
Q

_________ separate during anaphase I.

A

homologous chromsomes

42
Q

Chromosomes are replicated during the _________ phase.
A.) G1
B.) G2
C.) S
D.) M
E. ) Meta

A

C.) S

BIO-111 (17 decks)

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