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BIO-111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Atoms joined together

Example: Water, carbohydrates, proteins, methane

A

Molecules

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3
Q

Parts of cells

Example: Mitochondria, nucleus

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Unit of life (smallest thing to be alive)

Example: Skin cells, heart cells

A

Cells

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5
Q

Bunch of cells joined together

Example: Humans have various amounts of this

A

Tissues

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6
Q

Parts such as lungs, heart, brain

Example: have specific functions in the body

A

Organs

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7
Q

One living thing

Example: Human, dog, tree

A

Organism

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8
Q

Members of the same species

Example: birds in a forest

A

Population

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9
Q

Different living things

Example: Various species in a forest ecosystem

A

Community

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10
Q

Living + non-living things

Example: Rainforest, desert ecosystem

A

Ecosystem

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11
Q

All ecosystems on earth

Example: Earth’s biosphere includes various habitats and environments

A

Biosphere

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12
Q

A way of thinking about the natural world

Example: Scientific method is used in all science classes

A

Science

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13
Q

How living things are organized: (10)

A

1.) Molecules
2.) Organelles
3.) Cells
4.) Tissues
5.) Organs
6.) Organism
7.) Population
8.) Community
9.) Ecosystem
10.) Biosphere

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14
Q

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life. Arise because of interactions.
Example: sexual reproduction would be at the level of population because it includes the cooperation of more than 1 living thing

A

Emergent Properties

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15
Q

What is the first step of the Scientific Method?

A

Observation: dog was acting weird + not eating her breakfast

Example sentence: The first step in the Scientific Method is to make an observation.

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16
Q

What is the second step of the Scientific Method?

A

Question: why is my dog acting weird?

Example sentence: The second step in the Scientific Method is to form a question based on the observation.

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17
Q

What is the third step of the Scientific Method?

A

Hypothesis: sick, sad, medication?

Example sentence: The third step in the Scientific Method is to propose a hypothesis based on the question.

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18
Q

What is the fourth step of the Scientific Method?

A

Experiment: Give dog medication for 3 months + write how she behaves

Example sentence: The fourth step in the Scientific Method is to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis.

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19
Q

What is the fifth step of the Scientific Method?

A

Collect Data: gather info collected

Example sentence: The fifth step in the Scientific Method is to collect data from the experiment.

20
Q

What is the sixth step of the Scientific Method?

A

Conclusion: medication does make her feel weird after it’s given

Example sentence: The final step in the Scientific Method is to draw a conclusion based on the data collected.

21
Q

Who developed the Phylogenetic Tree and identified six kingdoms of living organisms?

A

Carl Woese

Example sentence: Carl Woese developed the Phylogenetic Tree and identified six kingdoms of living organisms.

22
Q

What are the six kingdoms of living organisms according to Carl Woese?

A

1) Animalia 2) Plantae 3) Fungi 4) Protista 5) Archaea 6) Bacteria

Example sentence: Carl Woese classified living organisms into six kingdoms.

23
Q

What are the three domains of life according to Carl Woese?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Example sentence: Carl Woese identified three domains of life based on the six kingdoms.

24
Q

Prokaryotic cells with microbes that lack ,membrane-enclosed nuclei and organelles

A

Bacteria + Archaea

25
Q

Contains the eukaryotes and includes unicellular microorganisms (protists), together 3 remaining kingdoms (fungi, plants, and animals)
Example: sunflower and lion

26
Q

Can give clues about what an organism does and how it works.

A

Structure and Function

27
Q

A cell’s genetic material - DNA

This contain a cell’s genetic material, which is DNA.

A

Chromosomes

28
Q

Involves DNA producing RNA, which then makes proteins.

A

Gene Expression

29
Q

explains the inevitable change in populations of organisms over time.
It explains all of our similarities and differences

30
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Natural Selection?

A

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin proposed the Theory of Natural Selection, also known as ‘descent with modification.’

31
Q

What is a theory supported by in comparison to a hypothesis?

A

A large body of evidence

A theory is supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis.

32
Q

Units of inheritance, DNA

33
Q

Life requires the transfer of energy through what:

A
  • Input of energy (usually sun) and transformation of energy make life possible
    *Photosynthesis converts sun’s energy to chemical energy (sugar)
    *Passed from consumers to producers
34
Q

A suggested explanation for an event, which one can test. Can be verified through theory.

A

Hypothesis

35
Q

A tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena.

36
Q

Fields of science related to the physical world. “hard science” that relies on use of quantitative data.
Ex–> astronomy, biology, chemistry, earth science, physics.
Can be divided into life sciences and physical sciences.

A

Natural Sciences

37
Q

Study living things (biology)

A

life sciences

38
Q

Study nonliving matter (astronomy, geology, chemistry, physics)

A

physical sciences

39
Q

Inductive, aims to observe, explore, and discover.

A

Descriptive (or discovery) science

40
Q

Deductive, begins with specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test.

A

Hypothesis-based science

41
Q

What is the order of the Scientific Method?

A

1.) Observation
2.) Question
3.) Hypothesis
4.) Experiment
5.) Collect Data
6.) Conclusion

42
Q

Start with a problem to solve…leading to a question.
Example: On Monday morning, a student arrives at class and quickly discovers that the classroom is too warm. That is an observation that also describes a problem: the classroom is too warm.

A

Observation

43
Q

Example: Student then asks: Why is the classroom so warm?

44
Q

Must be testable and falsifiable (experimental results can disprove it)
What cannot be tested are –> supernatural presence

The classroom is warm because no one turned on the air conditioning. OR
The classroom is too warm because there is a power failure, and so the air conditioning doesn’t work.
Example: If the student turns on the air conditioning, then the classroom will no longer be too warm.

A

Hypothesis

45
Q

What part of the kingdom of domains can occupy extreme environments such as in the salty ocean next to a vent.

46
Q

What are the most common atoms that make up 96% of all living things?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

47
Q

What is positively charged and also found in the nucleus?

BIO-111 (17 decks)

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