Chapter 5 Flashcards
Separates the cell from surroundings- separates inside from outside of cell.
Cell Membrane
Allowing om substances to cross it more easily than others. Cells chooses who (the molecules) gets in and out of cell.
Selective permeability
What are cell membranes made out of?
Phospholipids
Are amphipathic molecules
Phospholipids
Of amphipathic molecules what part are lipids/heads? what are the tails?
Lipids/heads: hydrophilic
Tails: hydrophobic
They can switch places
In the phospholipid bilayer (2 layers)
what is inside the cell?
Cytoplasm
Of the cell membrane, Phospholipid bilayer have:
-Fluid
- Is Viscous
- Cholesterol
What of the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer has unsaturated tails that prevent packing?
Fluid
What of the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer has saturated tails packed together?
Viscous
What of the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer reduces membrane fluidity at moderate temperatures hindering solidification?
Cholesterol
Go all the way through the membrane. Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer.
Integral Proteins
Are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane.
Peripheral Proteins
Transport, enzymatic activity, attachment, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, signal transduction.
Proteins
Process of Transport of Proteins:
1.) Transport
2.) Enzymatic Activity
3.) Attachment to the Cytoskeleton and extracellular matric (ECM)
4.) Cell-cell recognition
5.) Intracellular joining
6.) Signal transduction
Act like little name tags. Cells recognize each other by binding to these.
Carbohydrates
Happens naturally, no energy is required
Passive Transport
Function of Cell Membrane. Movement of particles from high to low concentration. Passive, requires no energy
Passive Transport
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water diffuses across a membrane from region of lower solute concentration to region of higher solute concentration until solute concentration is equal.
Osmosis
No energy (ATP) required
Passive Transport
Move molecules of solute high to low concentration
Diffusion
Movement of water (H2O). Way to balance solute concentration
Osmosis
Solute concentration is the same inside and outside of cell
Isotonic
Solute concentration is greater
Hypertonic
Solute concentration is less.
Hypotonic
Molecules in and Out of Cell:
1.) Passive Transport
A.) Diffusion
B.) Osmosis
Diffusion:
a.) simple diffusion
b.) facilitated diffusion
i.) channel proteins
ii.) carrier proteins
molecules pass through membrane
simple diffusion
Transport proteins use to passively move molecules across the plasma membrane.
Facilitated diffusion
Open passageway for molecule to get through. Provide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane.
channel proteins
carry molecules across membrane and he protein has to have a shape or confirmation change. Undergo a certain change in shape that translocates the solute-binding site across the membrane.
Carrier proteins
Move substances against their concentration gradients, requires energy (ATP). Low to high, against the concentration gradient.
Active Transport
Occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other solutes
Cotransport
Help get big things in and out of cell.
Bulk Transport
What 2 things are apart of Bulk Transport?
Exocytosis and Endocytosis
Vesicles move to membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents outside of cell
Exocytosis
Exo=out
cyto=cell
Cell takes in molecules by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane.
Endocytosis
Endo=inside
cyto=cell
