Chapter 4 Flashcards
Atoms join together to make molecules including what 2 things?
organelles and cells
parts of cells
Organelles
unit of life
cells
What are the 2 types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What are the 2 domains that are prokaryotic?
Bacteria and Archaea
These have no nucleus. Still need DNA, its just stored somewhere else… nucleoid. Microscopic (only made up of 1 cell) - unicellular. NO membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotic
What are the 4 domains that are Eukaryotic?
Plants, Animals, Fungi and Protists
Have a nucleus. Multicellular (many cells). DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope. Membrane bound-organelles. Bigger of the other cells.
Eukaryotic
Container that holds DNA. Contains most of the cell’s genes.
Nucleus
Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell:
1.) Nucleoid
2.) Ribosome
3.) Plasma/Cell Membrane
4.) Cell Wall
5.) Flagella
6.) Fimbria
Where DNA is found in prokaryotic cells
nucleoid
Where proteins are made. Protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
Separates in from outside of cell (phospholipids). phospholipids make this up
cell membrane.
Boundary that give cell shape and structure
cell wall
long whip-like tail
Flagella
short hair-like structures
Fimbria
Parts of Eukaryotic Cells:
1.) Nucleus
2.) Endomembrane System
3.) nuclear envelope
4.) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
5.) Golgi Apparatus
6.) Lysosomes
7.) Vacuoles (central vacuoles)
encloses the nucleus and provide protection
nuclear envelope
bumps on this are ribosomes. Proteins are made here. Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates). Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes. Aids in synthesis from bound ribosomes
Rough ER
no ribosomes. Where you make lipids and carbohydrates
Smooth ER
membranes that store stuff. Digestion, storage, waste, disposal, water balance, plant cell growth and protection.
vacuoles
holds water among other things (compounds)
central vacuoles
UPS Shipping Store. Where after you make a molecule, you get it sent to where it needs to go.
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane. Little vacuum cleaners/little packages breaking down old stuff. Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules
Lysosomes (means to break)
series of membranes inside of our eukaryotic cell
Endomembrane System
Membrane bound organelles include:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Found in plants and animals, where you make ATP, site of cellular respiration
Mitochondria
site of photosynthesis, found only in plants
Chloroplasts
cell skeleton, proteins make this up, allow structures to attach to it
cytoskeleton (cyto=cell)
liquid/jelly-like aqueous environment in cell.
cytoplasm
Describes where something comes from. Other organisms evolve in a cell.
Endosymbiotic Theory
End=inside
symbo or symbiosis= 2 or more organisms interact
theory=lots of evidence to support it
Perform reactions with many different functions
Peroxisomes
Neighboring cells in an animal or plant often adhere, interact, and communicate through direct physical contact
Cell Junctions
