Chapter 64 - leukopenia and leukocytosis Flashcards
What are the four mechanisms for neutrophilia?
Increased production (appropirate and inappropriate), demargination and decreased egress from circulation
What is emergency granulopoiesis?
When the inflammatory stimulus persists past use of bone marrow supply and marginated neurtrophil storage, myeloid precursos cells then begin to make more neutrophils
What are the major granulopoeitic cytokines and growth factors used in emergency granulopoiesis?
GCSF, GMCSF, IL3, IL6 and FLT3 ligand
What is a degenerative left shift?
Occurs when granulocytic precursors outnumber mature neutrophils in circulation
What is a leukemoid response?
When a marked leukocytosis due to an inflammatory response can mimic a neoplastic response.
What do toxic changes of neutrophils represent?
dysplasia, associated with increased granulopoiesis and inflammation
What is the primary cause of an inappropriate leukocytosis?
neoplasia
What percentage of total blood neutrophils live in the marginated pool in dogs? In cats?
Dogs - 50%, cats 70%
What is the most common cause of neutropenia in dogs and cats?
bacterial infectious diseases
Name four chemotherapies that can cause neutropenia
carboplatin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin
