Chapter 176 - Transfusion of Red Blood Cells and Plasma Flashcards
Explain hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when
the recipient has existing antibodies that are specific for
antigens on the donor erythrocytes. The dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) system is applied to canine blood types.
The canine blood type of most clinical importance is the
DEA 1 system (DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, DEA 1.3), as DEA 1
is highly antigenic. A DEA 1-negative dog that receives
a DEA 1-positive transfusion is likely to mount a strong
alloantibody response, resulting in sensitization, so that
a future DEA 1-positive transfusion may cause a catastrophic hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Do dogs have pre-existing alloantibodies?
Dogs do not have pre-existing alloantibodies to the DEA 1 system. Although natural antibodies have been demonstrated in some dogs for DEA 3, DEA 5, and DEA 7, these are considered “weak antibodies” and not capable of causing a hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Universal canine blood donor phenotype?
The current universal canine blood donor
phenotype is DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 5, and 7 negative but positive for DEA 4.
Ture or False?
The Dal red blood cell antigen is present in Dalmatians, but lacking in most dogs.
The Dal red blood cell antigen is present in most dogs, but lacking in some Dalmatians.
Explain Cats’ transfusion based on AB blood group
All type A and B cats have preformed natural alloantibodies, and are at risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions if given an incompatible transfusion.
Type B cats have strong anti-A antibodies and may experience a fatal transfusion reaction if given as little as 1 mL of type A blood.
Type B blood administered to a type A cat is unlikely to cause a fatal reaction, but will result in shortened lifespan of the transfused cells.
Type AB cats do not have alloantibodies to either A or B antigens, and should receive either type AB or type A blood if transfusion is needed.
Febrile non-hemolytic reactions?
They are the result of cytokines and white blood cells in the donor unit.
To which blood groups does dogs have alloantibodies?
DEA 3,5, and 7.
Who has the Dal antigen?
Most dogs except Dalmations
What would be a universal blood donor in regards to blood groups (DEA 1,3,4,5,7.)
DEA 1, 3, 5, 7 negative, and DEA 4 positive
Will auto agglutination interfere with the quick blood typing test Alvedia OR the DMS card test?
Autoagglutination will not interfere
What is the blood type of a cat with a genotype a/b?
It is a cat with blood type A (a is dominant over b)
If you have an AB cat, what type of blood should you give it if you dont have an AB donor?
Give A blood!!
* B blood had VERY STRONG antiA antibodies —> severe hemolysis! * A blood has antiB antibodies —> mild(er) hemolysis * The recipient doesn’t have alloantibodies, but the blood that you give it has antiB antibodies. It is better to give antiB antibodies than the VERY strong antiA antibodies.
What is the recommended dose for FFP in a hypocoagulable and bleeding patient?
10-20mL/kg
What does the abbreviations TACO, TRALI, and TRIM stand for?
- Transfusion associated circulatory overload
- Transfusion related acute lung injury
- Transfusion related ismmunemodulation
