Chapter 45 - Pleural Effusion Flashcards
What is more common in dogs and cats - BI-lateral or UNI-lateral pleural effusion?
bilateral
What is the typical breathing pattern of dogs and cats with pleural effusion?
rapid, shallow breathing, increased abdominal component. Ultimately some animals may exhibit orthopneic positioning. Cats may exhibit paradoxial breathing
What volume of pleural effusion causes clinical signs in dogs? In cats?
Dogs - 30-60mL/kg, 20mL/kg in cats
Transudates are a result of a disturbance in the balance of what three things? (relating to the vasculature)
capillary hydrostatic pressure, intravascualr oncotic pressure, and vascular endothelial permability
How low is abumin typically if hypoalbuminemia is the cause of a transudate?
<1.5
What is the total protein level and total nucleated cell count of a pure transudate?
TP <2.5, TNCC <1500
What is the total protein level and total nucleated cell count of a modified transudate?
TP 2.5-7.5, TCNN 1000-7000
What is the total protein level and total nucleated cell count of an exudate?
TP >3, TNCC >7000
Which lung lobes are most frequently affected by lung lobe torsions?
right middle and right cranial
What is the minimum PCV to call an effusion hemorrhagic?
10%, and within 10% of the peripheral PCV
Thoracic duct fluid has what three sources?
Lymph of herpatic origin, lymph from thehind limbs, and from the intestines
What is chyle specifically?
Lymph from the intestine with a high fat content.
The fat in chyle is in what form?
Chylomicrons (aggregates of triglycerides, phospholipid, lipoprotein and cholesterol
What is the typical specific gravity and TP of chylous effusions in dogs? In cats?
1022 - 1027, TP 2.5-6.2 in dogs, 1019 - 1050, TP 2.6-10 (cats)
In dogs, how high is the triglyceride content of an effusion to call it chylous?
> 100mg/dL
