Chapter 44 Pneumothorax

Question 1

Does dogs and cats have fenestrated or non fenestrated mediastinum?

Answer 1

Fenestrated

Question 2

When is the risk of iatrogenic pneumothorax with thoracocentesis highest - chronic or acute pleural effusion?

Answer 2

Chronic. Irritation by the long standing effusion can cause failure to seal the hole.

Question 3

Difference between primary and secondary spontane pneumothorax?

Answer 3

• Primary - healthy lungs

* Secondary - underlying pulmonary disease cause weakening and alveolar rupture

Question 4

Difference between bleb and bullea?

Answer 4

• Blebs are blister-like lesions within the layers of the visceral pleura, usually located at the lung apices. It is thought that they form when air escapes from within the lung parenchyma and travels to the surface of the lung.
• Bullae are pockets of air that result from the destruction and confluence of adjacent alveoli. They can occur in any location within the lung parenchyma and vary in size from very small (involving only a few alveoli) to involving a majority of a lung lobe.

Question 5

Whats the most common cause of pneumothorax in a cat?

Answer 5

Lower airway disease

Question 6

What type of pneumothorax is the following: The state when intrapleural pressure exceeds central venous and pulmonary artery pressures, causing cardiogenic shock as well as severe hypoxemia.

Answer 6

Tension pneumothorax

Question 7

What are the gold standard diagnostic tool to diagnose pneumothorax?

Answer 7

CT

Question 8

What is the sensitivity for CT to detect bullae and blebs?

Answer 8

50%