Chapter 62 Thromboembolic disease Flashcards
What is the difference between thrombus and thromboembolism?
It’s the same thing except thromboembolism is a thrombus that has been migrating through the blood vessels.
What three factors are making up the Virchows triade?
Stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability
How many factors (1, 2 or 3) from the Vircow triade has to be present to make a clot?
Minimum two factors from the Vircow triade. But the three factors influence each other.
What is a venous thrombus mainly made up from?
Fibrin mesh and RBC
What is a arterial thrombus mainly made up from?
Platelets
What is the only licensed thrombolytic drug in the US
Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
Unfractionated heparin activates thrombin (T/F)
- False. It activates antithrombin
Fractionated heparin has better or worse effect on factor IIa than UFH?
Worse. The fractionated heparin molecule is not big enough and have less IIa inhibition than UFH.
Fractionated heparin has better or worse effect on thrombin than UFH?
Worse. UFH is longer and is able to reach and inhibit thrombin from biding to fibrinogen
What is the recommended method to monitor LMWH?
Antifactor Xa activity measurement with chromogenic assay. However, the relationship between anti-factor Xa activity and clinical effect is not entirely clear.
How many % of cats with ATE have underlying heart disease?
90%. But only 10% of them have the heart disease previously diagnosed.
Is there any sex or age disposition in FATE?
Male cats, all ages
What is the 5P rule that is used to diagnose FATE?
- Pale (purple or pale toes)
- Polar (cold extremities)
- Pulseless
- Paralysis
- Pain
What is the survival rate if ATE is treated?
27-45%
What are some differences between FATE and canine ATE (CATh)
Canine ATE might be due to an in site thrombus formation and more chronic and subtle clinical signs.
