Chapter 6 SP Flashcards
minority vs majority groups: hoe raten mensen zichzelf tov deze groups?
group totaal: slechte performance = zelf beter dan gemiddeld, goede performance = zelf slechter dan gemiddeld.
minority: slechte performance = zelf ook slechter dan gemiddeld, goede performance = zelf ook beter dan gemiddeld.
majority: slechte performance = equal aan gemiddeld, goede performance = equal aan gemiddeld.
performance was van 1 member van de groep.
dus majorities do not compare themselves to minorities.
minorities do not compare themselves to other people from their group, but they share the positive or negative image of the other person in the group.
benefits van groups
- sense of belonginess
- bask in the glow of achievements from other people
- social life!
costs of groups
like in-group people, automatic ‘disliking’ for out-group.
difference self-categorization and social identity
- self-categorization: seeing oneself as a member of a group
- social identity: the parts of the social group that are included in the self-concept
social identity theory
in-group bias komt doordat mensen hun self-esteem omhoog houden door deel te nemen aan een bepaalde group
most important lessons about ingroup
van mensen die ook in de group zitten
direct reminders of membership
(honorary or dismissive) labels
situations in which the similarities between people are highlighted.
-> reminders can overcome alternative categorizations that may be useful in other situations (bijvoorbeeld: race maar wel alletwee studenten: in een discussie over race vergeet je dat je alletwee in de in-group studenten zit).
other reminders of membership
(direct reminders)
being a minority
presence of outgroup members
cultural differences
personality differences
conflict (grootste invloed)
being a minority
people are more likely to think of themselves in terms of group-membership in smaller groups than in larger groups
people identify more strongly with groups that they learn are targets of discrimination from societal mainstream
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ideosyncratic: meer individualistic of collective?
individualistic -> betekent persoonlijk.
they see group memberships as changeable/temporary
higher divorce rates and more switching jobs
small groups have the greatest effect on how you feel! bijvoorbeeld success van een voetbalgroep geeft een beter gevoel dan van een heel land? blijkbaar
oke niet voor mij
seeing yourself as a group member -> these characteristics of the group become norms for your own behaviour
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bask in reflected glory BIRG
boosting your self-esteem by identifying with the successes/good qualities of fellow in-group members.
mensen doen dit vooral als self-esteem threathened is
in group-membership -> we denken vooral aan de dingen die wij gemeen hebben met hen -> daarom denken we dat mensen van in-group similar zijn to us
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people prefer typical ingroup members, even when they would not like them based on their characteristics alone.
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linguistic intergroup bias
we use abstract language to describe stereotypical behaviour, and concrete language to describe uncharacteristic behaviour.
dus bijv. ingroup positive; abstract (helping). maar outgroup positive: concrete (he picked it up)
people see outgroup people as….
homogenous, uniform
difference when an outgroup is seen as different vs outdoing the ingroup vs threathening
- different: just mild dislike
- outdoing the in-group: dislike
- threatening: hatred