Chapter 3 WOP

Question 1

self concept 2 factoren

Answer 1

• self-beliefs
• self-evaluations

Question 2

3 levels van self-concept

Answer 2

individual
relational
collective (memberships in entities)

Question 3

3 characteristics of self-concepts (3x c)

Answer 3

-complexity: hoeveel distinctive roles? als ze interconnected zijn, dan is complexity low (bijvoorbeeld allemaal van werk)
-consistency: zijn de rollen allemaal hetzelfde, komen ze overeen met elkaar?
-clarity: do you have a clear, defined and stable self-construct? ook wel confidence

alles hoog = zelfverzekerd

Question 4

self-enhancement gevolgen in de workplace

Answer 4

+ wel goed omdat het zelfvertrouwen verhoogt
- meer risico door overestimating themselves
- take longer to recognize mistakes

Question 5

self-verification =

Answer 5

people are motivated to confirm and maintain their existing self-concept

Question 6

hoe beinvloedt self-verification de workplace

Answer 6

• perceptual process: alleen dingen herinneren die overeenkomen met self-concept
• alleen feedback accepteren als het in line is met self-concept
• motivation to interact with others that affirm their self-concept

Question 7

self-evaluation

Answer 7

positief of negatief. gewoon hoe goed jij denkt dat je bent

Question 8

self-evaluation 3 factoren

Answer 8

• self-esteem
• self-efficacy: hoe goed ben je in een bepaalde taak
• locus of control: beliefs about the amount of control you have in your life over personal events. internal locus of control: zelf controle. external locus of control: fate, universe.

Question 9

difference personal identity and social identity

Answer 9

personal: uniqueness. social: in relation to others

Question 10

social identity theory

Answer 10

people define themselves on the basis of the groups in which they belong

Question 11

categorical thinking

Answer 11

unconscious categorization of people and objects into perceived categories

Question 12

tegelijkertijd met categorical thinking ook making sense of stimuli, door middel van

Answer 12

emotions -> geven gelijk aan of een omgeving goed of slecht voor ons is.

Question 13

mental models

Answer 13

models we use to describe explain and predict the world around us

+ makkelijker om sense van de wereld te maken
- lastig om te veranderen

Question 14

stereotype

Answer 14

beliefs via which we assign characteristics to a group, and automatically assume everyone of that group has these characteristics.

Question 15

waarom stereotyperen?

Answer 15

• categorical thinking
• natural/innate
• unconscious
• energy saving
• we want to understand and predict others
• handy for own self-enhancement and social identity
• makkelijker om een stereotype voor een hele groep te onthouden dan alle individuele karakteristieken van elk persoon

Question 16

3 problems with stereotyping

Answer 16

• niet iedereen valt in dat plaatje
• unintentional/systematic discrimination: decision makers rely on stereotypes to find the perfect position for someone
• intentional discrimination or prejudice; unfounded attitudes towards people from a group

Question 17

attribution:

Answer 17

forming beliefs about the causes of an event or behaviour

Question 18

3 attribution rules

Answer 18

consistency: is het bij diegene altijd zo?
distinctiveness: is het in andere situaties ook zo?
consensus: doen anderen het ook zo?

denk aan student en klappen

Question 19

self-serving bias

Answer 19

attribute our failure to external factors

Question 20

fundamental attribution error

Answer 20

anderen hun gedrag attributeren aan hun eigen persoonlijkheid

Question 21

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 21

expectations about another person lead to that person behaving in a way that is consistent with these expectations

Question 22

wanneer is self-fulfilling prophecy het sterkste

Answer 22

• bij begin van een relatie
• als meerdere mensen die expectations hebben

Question 23

positive organizational behaviour

Answer 23

focusing on the positive will lead to better well-being and organizational success

Question 24

4 other perceptual effects

Answer 24

• halo effect: op basis van een eigenschap ook andere eigenschappen aannemen (mooi- slim)
• false consensus effect: denken dat anderen dezelfde beliefs/behaviour hebben als jij
• primacy effect: eerste indruk van iemand -> quickly form an image of them
• recency effect: most recent information dominates our perceptions

Question 25

improve perceptual bias

Answer 25

• awareness
• self-awareness
• meaningful interaction

(maar awareness training of biases has a minimal effect helaas. beter is self-awareness)

Question 26

manier van self-awareness increasen

Answer 26

• formal tests
• johari window: open up all your windows (open, blind, hidden and unknown) to everyone, yourself and collegues -> receive feedback

Question 27

contact hypothesis

Answer 27

meaningful interaction can lead to less bias because you get to understand someone better -> reduce the dependence on stereotypes and more empathy

Question 28

global mindset

Answer 28

ability to perceive, know about and process information about cultures

Question 29

4 stappen van global mindset

Answer 29

1. awareness of and openness to other views
2. empathize
3. process complex info about novel environment
4. comprehend and reconcile intercultural problems

Question 30

global mindset begint met …

Answer 30

self-awareness!