Chapter 5 WOP Flashcards
motivation determines… 3 things
the direction, intensity and duration (persistence) of voluntary behaviour
employee engagement
- emotional motivation
- cognitive motivation
- belief that they can get the job done
- self-efficacy
characteristics of drives/motivators
- innate
- universal
- they are formed by emotions, and affect motivation
emotion -> drive -> motivation
ook cognition leidt tot motivatie, maar vooral emotie.
oke
needs are emotions we eventually become aware of
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everyone has the same drives, but not the same needs and behaviour -> why?
because of the influence of:
- social norms
- past experience
- self-concept
(influence needs and therefore influence behaviour and decisions)
four drive theory: de 4 drives
- drive to acquire (achievement, status, self-esteem)
- drive to bond
- drive to comprehend
- drive to defend (defend ourselves physically, physiologically and psychologically)
ABCD!!!!
four drive theory notes
- drives are equal, no hierarchy!
- universal
- innate
- ABC zijn proactive (we try to fulfull them) and D is reactive (triggered)
four drive theory: emotions linked to these drives?
the drives decide which emotional markers are tagged to incoming stimuli
four drive theory: influence of mental skill set
mental skill set = personal values (self-concept), social norms, past experience.
these mental skill sets channel the emotions that our drives created, and therefore lead to motivation.
drives tag emotions -> mental skill set channels -> motivation created
implications of four drive theory
- people should be able to balance all 4 drives in the workplace: not one too much etc.
- motivation komt niet alleen door drives, ook door human cognition etc (mental skill set)
criticism four drive theory
- experts: meer drives toevoegen
- mental skill set is niet uitgebreid genoeg
maslows needs hierarchy theory
self-actualisation
esteem
belonginess
safety
physiological
need to know
need for beauty
(strongest source of motivation is the lowest unsatisfied need)
physiological - esteem: deficiency needs
self-actualization: growth needs
criticism maslow
not everyone has the same hierarchy of needs. needs are influenced by self-concept, personal values and personality.
why should we know?
- everyone knows it
- needs should be studied together, not alone
- motivation can be shaped by human thought
- positive view on motivation
extrinsic motivation is door…
instrumental reasons
2 hypotheses on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
- additive view: if someone is already intrinsically motivated, extrinsic motivation can make them even more motivated (bonus bij leuke baan)
- contrasting hypothesis: extrinsic motivation can reduce intrinsic motivation
when does extrinsic motivation not undermine intrinsic motivation?
- when the extrinsic motivation is unexpected
- when the extrinsic is low value compared to intrinsic
- when the extrinsic is not contingent on specific behaviour
mclelland 3 learned needs
needs can be strenghtened or weakened through learning.
3 needs:
need for achievement nAch: moderately challenging tasks, duidelijke feedback, recognition of success, prefer working alone
need for affiliation nAff: seek approval from others, lastig met beslissingen maken.
need for power nPow: 2 types.
- personalized power (voor jezelf)
- socialized power (to make things better for others)
what types of needs should leaders have?
- high nAch
- low/moderate nAff
- high socialized nPow, low personalized nPow