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PSYC215 Social Psychology > Chapter 6: Emotions > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Emotions Flashcards

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1
Q

DEF What are emotions?

A

a brief, specific response, both psychological and physiological, that helps people meet goals, including social goals

  • lasts only for a few seconds
  • facial expressions displayed (1-5 sec)
  • specific, arise to certain event
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2
Q

What do emotions help us do?

A

(1) help us interpret surrounding circumstances

(2) prompt us to act

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3
Q

Emotions prompt us to act experiment

A
  • monkeys given cucumber
  • some monkeys given grapes
  • monkeys not given grapes refused to participate and threw cucumber
  • anger prompted monkeys to act
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4
Q

What are the two conflicting illustrations of emotion?

A
  • evolutionary approach (universal)

- culturally (specific) approach

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5
Q

DEF What is the evolutionary approach to emotions? (Darwin expression hypothesis)

A

emotions derived from actions that were evolutionarily useful (darwin)

(1) humans use same 30-40 facial muscles to communicate similar emotions
(2) expressions should be similar to other specices given shared genetics
(3) blind individuals stil display similar emotional expressions

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6
Q

Universal Facial Expression Experiment

A

Ekman and Friesen

  • 3000+ photos of people portraying ANGER, DIGUST, SADNESS, FEAR, HAPPINESS, AND SURPRISE
  • across cultures people guessed emotion of photo with 70-90% accuracy (16.7% when guessing)
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7
Q

Universal Facial Expression Experiment Criticism

A
  • all cultures questioned had been exposed to western media
  • repeated experiment with Fore tribe in Papua New Guinea who had no exposure to western media
  • given three photos and a story
  • adults guessed 68-92% acurracy (33% when guessing)
  • given two photos and a story
  • children guessed 81-98% accuracy (50% when guessing)
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8
Q

Universal Facial Expression Experiment Extension

A
  • Fore tribe photographed facial expression of same emotions
  • showed to undergrad students and asked to identify emotions
  • correct above guessing accuracy for all emotions except fear
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9
Q

Emotional Expression in Other Animals Experiment

A
  • primates display many expressions that resemble ours
  • silent bared teeth = smiling
  • threat display = anger
  • relaxed open mouth when wrestling = laugh
  • mmm when eating good food
  • appeasment display = embarrassment
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10
Q

Emotional Expression Among the Blind Experiment

A
  • pride is assocaited with dominant postures (head up, arms out, chest, out)
  • blind and sighted olympic athletes displayed the same proud postures when winning
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11
Q

What is the cultural specific approach to emotions?

A
  • focal emotions
  • affect valuation theory
  • display rules
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12
Q

DEF What are focal emotions?

A

emotions especially common within a specific cuulture

  • Mexico = pride
  • Tibet = compassion
  • Brazil = flirtation, romance, love
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13
Q

How do focal emotions differ from non focal emotions?

A
  • appear with more frequency and more intensity in a culture
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14
Q

DEF What is affect valuation theory?

A

emotions that promote important cultural ideals are valued and will tend to play a more prominant role

  • ex US values expression and independence = excitement
  • ex East asian culture values harmonious relationships = calm
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15
Q

DEF What are display rules?

A

cultures differ in how, when, and to whom they express emotion

  • can intensify or deintensify an emotional dispaly
  • can mask or neutralize and emotion
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16
Q

How are emotions important to social relationships?

A
  • signal commitment, help us to act committed
  • help coordinate actions
  • feel a part of a larger social collective
17
Q

Emotions Signal Commitment Experiment

A
  • partcipants are more cooperative and generous when given oxcytocin
  • oxcytocin encourages pair bonding
  • more hostile and enhanced bias toward outside groups
18
Q

Emotions Coordinate Actions Experiment

A
  • asked participant to convery and emotion through a single touch
  • could reliably communicate love, sympathy, gratitude
  • basketball that touched more, played better (correlation, not causation)
19
Q

What can emotions influence?

A
  • perception
  • reasoning
  • moral judgement
20
Q

Emotions Influence Perception Experiment

A
  • participants primed with Mahler (sad) or Mozart (happy)
  • identify a strong of letters as a word or not
  • happy mozart were quicker to identify happy or pos words
  • sad mahler were quicker to identify sad or neg words
21
Q

Emotion Influence Reasoning Experiment

A
  • happiness and positive emotions prompt people to reaons more flexibly and creatively
  • participants found more creative synonyms for carpet
  • participants were more inclusive to fringe items (ex considering a cane a piece of clothing)
22
Q

DEF What is the broaden and build hypothesis?

A

postive emotions broaden thoughts and patterns of thinking, helping people expand understand of the world and build social relationships
(triangle square pyramid shape experiment)

23
Q

Emotion Influence Moral Judgment Experiment

A
  • participants read story about incest

- can’t find a specific reason, they just know it is wrong

24
Q

DEF Social Intuitionist Model of Moral Judgment

A

moral judments are the product of fast and emotional reactions/intuitions which influence how we reason about an issue
- reason attempts to justify our immediate gut feeling

25
Q

Social Intuitionst Experiment

A
  • measure brain activity of participants in trolly dilemma
  • trolley triggered working memory and deliberate reasoning
  • foot bridge (push person) triggered emotional processing
26
Q

DEF What is the moral foundations theory?

A

These emotions guide the correlating moral judgments

(1) care/harm (sympathy)
(2) fairness/cheating (anger)
(3) loyalty/betrayal (group pride or rage)
(4) authority/subversion (embarrassment, fear, awe)
(5) purity/degradation (disgust)

27
Q

What do Americans believe will lead to happiness?

A

personal achievment

28
Q

What do east asians believe will lead to happiness?

A

harmonious interactions and fulfillment of duties

29
Q

What are two components of happiness?

A

life satisfaction (overall summary evaluation) + emotional wellbeing (balance of pos neg emotions)

30
Q

Why aren’t we able to accurately predict what will make us happy?

A
  • immune neglect
  • focalism
  • duration neglect
31
Q

DEF What is immune neglect?

A

people underestimate their capacity to be resilient in difficult life events, overestimate their sadness

32
Q

DEF What is focalism?

A

tendency to focus too much on central aspect of an event and ignore other factors or details
-everyone thinks they would be happy on a beach in california, but your life satisfaction comes from other measures and you would probably rarely go to the beach

33
Q

DEF What is duration neglect?

A

giving relative unimportantce to the length of an emotional experience, whether pleasurable or unpleasnt, in judging an remembering the overall experience

  • remember first peak
  • remember overall from last moment

PSYC215 Social Psychology (32 decks)

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