Chapter 13: Aggression Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hostile aggression?

A

Behavior intended to harm another, eaither physically or psychologically, and motivated by feelings of anger and hostility

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2
Q

What is instrumental aggression?

A

Behavior intended to harm another in the service of motives other than pure hosility (such as attracting attention, acquiring wealth, or advancing political or idealogical causes)

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3
Q

What is dehumanization?

A

The attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups other than one’s own

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4
Q

What is culture of honor?

A

A culture defined by its members’ strong concerns about their own and others’ reputations, leading to sensitivity to insults and a willingness to use violence to avenge any perceived wrong

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5
Q

What is rape-prone culture?

A

A culture in which rape tends to be used as an act of war against enemy women, as a ritual act, or as a threat against women to keep them subservient to men

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6
Q

What is inclusive fitness?

A

According to evolutionary theory, the fitness of an individual is based on reproductive success and the passing of one’s own genes and those relatives to future generations.

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7
Q

What is precarious manhood hypothesis?

A

The idea that a man’s gender identity of strength and toughness may be lost under various conditions and that such a loss can trigger aggressive behavior
- more likely to engage in risky behavior in order to prove oneself

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8
Q

What is reactive devaluation?

A

Attaching less value to an offer in a negotiation once the opposing group makes it

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9
Q

What are situational determinants of aggression?

A
  • hot weather
  • media violence
  • violent video games
  • income inequality
  • social rejection
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10
Q

How does hot weather lead to aggression?

A

heat creates emotional arousal which can be misdirected as anger at another person and then aggression
- more crime on hot days in cities

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11
Q

How does media violence lead to aggression?

A

exposure to violent media briefly primes an individual with increased aggression, but only in the short term

  • viewer identifies with conductor of violence
  • viewer sees the violence as justified
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12
Q

How do violent video games lead to aggression?

A
  • increased play is seen as an addiction
  • increase in aggresive behavior
  • reduce prosocial positive behavior
  • increase aggressive thoughts
  • increase aggressive meotions
  • increase blood preasure and heart rate (same resonse when fighting)
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13
Q

How does social rejection lead to aggression?

A
  • social rejection means you no longer have access to communal resources for survival
  • triggeres FIGHT or flight response from life or death encounter
  • social rejection is felt like physical pain in the brain
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14
Q

How does income inequality lead to aggression?

A
  • inequality creates conflict for resources
  • inequality creates feeligns of social rejection
  • inequality makes it harder to have your basic needs met
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15
Q

How does anger lead to aggression?

A
  • anger changes the contrual in the brain

- more likely to think things are unfair, percieve negative intentions, and think of potential ways to inflict harm

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16
Q

How does dehumanizing someone lead to aggression?

A
  • easier to harm someone when they seem less human,

- loyalty to one social group makes us more likely to dehumanize another

17
Q

How does distance affect aggression?

A
  • when we can distance ourselves from anger, there is less of a fight or flight response, and therefore less aggression
18
Q

What are some characteristics of a culture of honor?

A
  • men are concerned with strength and toughness
  • more rules about politeness and showing honor
  • more sensitive to insult because insults damage honor and undermine respect
  • herding cultures have to defend their herd so it isn’t stolen
19
Q

What are some characteristics of rape prone cultures?

A
  • higher levels of violence overall
  • history of frequent warfare
  • emphasis on ale toughness
  • women have lower status (ex. less likely to be educated)
20
Q

How is aggression present in stepfamilies?

A
  • evolution rewards protecting your own offspring

- step parents have the cost of protecting step children without the reward of passing on their genes

21
Q

How does aggression differ across gender?

A
  • men are physically aggressive (more likely to attack another man)
  • women are emotional aggressive, more likely to participate in social rejection
  • men are socialized into more aggressive roles
22
Q

How do we reconcile conflict?

A

active communication -> reduces misinterpretation -> reduces competition and aggression -> increases reconciliation
- more liekly to apologize, admit mistakes, acknowladge harm