Chapter 6: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Abduction
Motion of the limb away from the middle
Adduction
Motion of the limb towards the midline.
Artery
Blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and body
Blood Pressure
Pressure of force inside the walls of the body’s arteries
Body system
Group of organs and other structures that work together to perform specific functions
Brain
Organ of the CNS responsible for the control of al lthe body systems.
The brain coordinates to function of sensation, controls muscles, keeps body organs functioning automatically, and integrates consciousness, memory, emotions, and the use of language.
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. They provide nutrients and oxygen to and remove wates from the cells.
Cardiovascular System
Organs and structures that circulate blood around the body using the heart, arteries, and veings. It delivers nutrients to organs and cells while carrying chemical waste products away fro mthe cells. Helps to equalize body temperature.
AKA circulatory system
Cells
Basic units of all living tissue
CNS
Central Nervous System
Includes brain and spinal cord
Diaphragm
Large, thick, flat muscle between the chest and abdomen that is used for breathing.
Digestive ssytem
Also known as the gastrointestinal system.
A group of organs/structures that use mechanical and chemical processes to break down food and absorb nutrients into the body. Also eliminates waste or unused materials that is eaten
Endocrine System
A collection of glands that produce chemical substances called hormones that travel through the bloodstream influencing target organs
extension
the straightening of a joint
Flexion
The bending of a joint
Human Anatomy
The study of structures that can be seen with the unaided eye and structures visible only through a microscope in humans
Human physiology
The study of the mechanical, physical, bioelectic, and biomichanical functions of humans.
Immune Response
The body’s response to a substance foreign to the body, such as bacteria.
Immunity
The state of being protected from a disease, especially an infectious disease.
Integumentary System
Specialized tissues covering and protecting the body. The skin helps retain fluids, regulates temperature, transmits info from the environment to the brain, and protects the body from the outside environment.
Ligaments
Ibrous tissues that connect a bone to another bone.
Lymphatic System
Organs and other structures that remove extra fluid from tissues, absorb and transport fats from the cardiovasular system, and make white blood cells and transport them from the lymph nodes
Muscular system
Tissues that allow movement of the body, beating of the heart, and movement within the organs or the digestive system and other tubular structures.
Nervous System
A group of organs/structures that regulate all body functions by collecting and processing information, using the brain and complicated wiring system to all organs.
Neuron
A specialized cell that conducts electrical impulses
Organs
Structures containing similar tissues that act together to perform specific body funtions
Peripheral Nervous System
The part of the nervous system tout side of the CNS
Reproductive System
Organs and structures that bring air containing oxygen into the body and eliminate CO2 to the environment through the process of breathing or ventilation
Skeletal System
The bones and other supporting tissues that provide structure to the body, provide attachment points for muscles, protect internal organs, allow movement, store minerals, and constitute that major site where blood cells are made.
Tendon
A extension of a muscle that attaches to a bone
Tissue
A collection of cells acting together to perform a specific body function.
Urinary System
Organs and structures that remove wates and toxins from the blood and excretes them as urine. This system maintains the body’s water and electrolyte balance
Vein
blood vessel that carries blood to the hearts.
