Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology II > Chapter 54: Community Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 54: Community Ecology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Community

A

All the species at a particular locality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Interspecific Interactions

A

any interaction with an individual of another species within a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 types of interactions between species

A
  1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Harbavory 4. Symbiosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The interaction between species for the same limited resource

A

interspecific competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two types of interspecific competition?

A
  1. interference: physical interaction (ex. fighting)

2. exploitative: both consume the resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If there are two species competing for limited resources, the species that uses the resources more efficiently will eventually eliminate the other locally. What is the vocabulary word for this concept?

A

Principle of competitive exclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when a niche is subdivided to avoid direct competition between species. what is the vocabulary word for this concert?

A

Resource partitioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of resource partitioning?

A

Anil lizards that subdivide their habitat, and also gardener snakes with in Colorado

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the term for the total area in organism occupies and all the resources that uses with in that environment?

A

It’s niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a fundamental niche and what is a realized niche?

A

A fundamental niche is the entire niece that a species is capable of using, and a realized niche is the actual niche being occupied by the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does a fundamental niche or a realized niche take into account all biotic and abiotic interactions?

A

A realized niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the term for The differences in morphology and resource use evident between sympatric species that are thought to have been favored by natural selection through resource partitioning

A

character displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symbiosis

A

2 or more kinds of organisms closely interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the term for consuming of one organism by another?

A

Predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the term for evolution of adaptations of two different species in response to another ones evolution? What it is and example?

A

Call evolution, the Giselle in the cheetah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two classes of prey defense? what is the difference between them?

A

Constitutive and induced
Construed to to pray defense is a fixed feature on an organism, for example a shell
Induced pray defense only occurs in the presence by or action of a predator. Example, Inc. skunk butterfly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chemical Defenses, example

A

bitter, distasteful, or toxic chem used to deter predators (skunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cryptic Coloration, example

A

coloration allows them to blend into surroundings (camouflage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aposematic Coloration, example

A

bright colors warn predators that the prey is toxic (poison dart frogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Object Resemblance, example

A

an organism resembles an object in the environment to avoid detection from predators (bird poop moth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flash Coloration, example

A

hidden markings that are quickly exposed to startle or divert the attention (sage grouse)

22
Q

What are the two types of mimicry?

A

Batesian: non-toxic animals mimic toxic animals (snake caterpillar)
Mullerian: two or more unpalatable or toxic organisms resemble one another leading to group defense (bees0

23
Q

Herbavory

A

an animals eats part of a plant or algae

24
Q

Symbiosis

A

2 or more kinds of organisms closely interact

25
Q

What are the 3 types of symbiosis?

A
  1. parasitism 2. commensalism 3. mutualism
26
Q

Parasitism

A

one species benefits and the other one is harmed

27
Q

ectoparasitism, example

A

external parasite (parasite plant)

28
Q

endoparasite, example

A

internal parasite (tape worm)

29
Q

direct transmission, example

A

parasite moves from one host to the other

30
Q

indirect transmission, example

A

parasite needs an intermediate vector to be transmitted to the host

31
Q

commensalism, example

A

one species benefits and the other is neutral, epiphites

32
Q

mutualism

A

both species benefit, clown fish and enenome

33
Q

Species Diversity

A

the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the environment

34
Q

Species Richness

A

species in a community

35
Q

Relative Abundance

A

the proportion each species represents of all the individuals in the community

36
Q

trophic structure

A

feeding relationships between organisms in the community

37
Q

as you move up the food chain energy is lost or gained?

A

lost due to heat

38
Q

What is the energetic hypothesis?

A

the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain

39
Q

What are dominant species ?

A

the species that are the most abundant or collectively have the highest biomass

40
Q

What are keystone species

A

organisms whose effect on the community is greater than expected based on its abundance (example, grey wolves)

41
Q

What is the bottom-up model?

A

lower trophic levels (primary producers) control the population of the higher trophic level (top-predator)

42
Q

Top down control?

A

the higher trophic level affects the lower trophic level. (grey wolves)

43
Q

What is bio-manipulation?

A

uses top down model to alter polluted environments

44
Q

What is ecological succession

A

slow, orderly change from simple to complex that occurs among communities

45
Q

What is primary ecological succession?

A

bare, lifeless substrate (volcanic island)

46
Q

What is secondary ecological succession?

A

existing community has been disturbed

47
Q

What are the three dynamic concepts in the process of succession?

A

Tolerance, Faciliation, and Inhibition

48
Q

Tolerance

A

early successional stages characterized by weedy, r-selected species that are tolerant of harsh a-biotic conditions?

49
Q

Faciliation

A

the weedy species introduce local change (N conversion) that allow less weedy species to survive

50
Q

Inhibition

A

changing environment (nutrient and pH changes) favor new species that out compete the original species

51
Q

What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?

A

communities that experience moderate amounts of disturbance will have higher species richness when compared to little or great amounts of disturbance

Biology II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions