Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology II > Chapter 33: Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Invertebrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the most basal taxon of the following options; Porifera, cnidaria, lophotrochozoa, ecdysozoa, deuterostomia

A

porifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are metazoans?

A

all animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are parazoans?

A

animals w/o true tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are enmetazoans?

A

animals w/ true tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do Porifera have true tissue?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are Porifera asymmetric?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Porifera have ______ larvae and _______ adults

A

swimming, sessile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suspension feeders

A

capture food particles suspended in the water that passes through their body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do Porifera reproduce?

A

asexually and sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spongocoel

A

central cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ostia

A

small pores in which water flows in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

osculum

A

large opening where water flows out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

choanocytes

A

collar cells that engulf food particles via phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ambeocytes

A

cells that transport nutrients, produces materials, of become any types of cell as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what types of materials are produced by ambeocytes?

A

spicules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

some sponges have more than one oscula. T or F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the three types of asexual reproduction do porifera use?

A

fragmentation, budding, and gemmules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fragmentation

A

a fragment of the parent breaks off and forms a new sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

budding

A

a new organism develops from an outgrowth due to cell division at one particular site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gemmules

A

a mass of cells or “pod” that can develop into a new individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two types of sexual reproduction that Porifera use?

A

hermaphroditism and sequential hermaphroditism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sequential hermaphroditism?

A

first as one sex then as the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the symmetry of cnidaria?

A

radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cnidaria are ____blast

A

diplo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

incomplete gut

A

one opening for moth and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sessile

A

attached to substrate (do not move)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the two forms of cnidaria?

A

polyp and medusa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

polyp

A

sessile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

medusa

A

free swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cnidaria have no brain, but have a non centralized _______ ______-

A

nerve network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cnidocytes

A

specialized cells located on tentacles and body surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

nematocyst

A

a structure w/ in cnidocyte that contain a small power harpoon that may be barbed or contain a toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what type of reproduction do cnidaria use?

A

budding (asexual) and sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

in cnidaria sexual reproduction is in the polyp stage only. T or F?

A

F. medusa only, polyp only, and alternate between two stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

planula

A

free swimming ciliated larvae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are the four major clades of the cnidaria?

A

hydrozoans, scyphozoans, cubozoans, anthozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What clade of cnidaria alternate between polyp and medusa stages?

A

hydrozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

in what clade do umbrella shaped, predominantly medusa stage organisms belong to?

A

scyphozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what clade do box shaped, medusa staged, highly toxic organisms belong to?

A

cubozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What clade do sea anemones and corals that only have a polyp stage belong to?

A

anthozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the two characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

A

locophore

trocophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the common name for playhelmenthis?

A

flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

flatworms are flattened __________

A

dorsoventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

flatworms are diploblast but are ________

A

acoelomates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What type of gut do flatworms have?

A

incomplete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How is respiration achieved in the flatworms?

A

diffusion across the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

protonephridia

A

extrectory structure that maintains osmotic balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

do flatworms have a circulatory system?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

How do flatworms reproduce?

A

a-sexually, they are hermophroditic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are the three types of phylum within flatworms?

A
  1. Planarians
  2. Trematodes
  3. Cestodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Planarians are free living in ______ ecosystems

A

aquatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What do planarians prey on?

A

smaller or dead animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

planarians move via ______ on ventral surface

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what do planarians use eyespots and lateral flaps for?

A

to detect chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

do planarians have ganglia and ventral nerve chords?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

ganglia

A

the clump of nerve cells at the anterior end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

ventral nerve chords

A

run from the ganglia down the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the common name for trematodes?

A

flukes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

In flukes, the larvae penetrates the skin of ____ and goes into blood vessels

A

human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

fluke reproduces _____ in human

A

sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

with their relationship with flukes humans are a _______ host

A

determinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

human feces release fluke _____ which develop into _____ _______

A

eggs, ciliated larvae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

fluke ciliated larvae enter the _____ and reproduce _______ and result in motile larvae entering the water

A

snail, asexually, motile larvae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

in the reproduction of trematodes (flukes) the human is the _______ host and the snail is the ______, host

A

determinant

indeterminant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What are the three possible fluke (trematode) hosts?

A

human, snail, or fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the common name for Cestodes?

A

tape worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What phylum do cestodes belong to?

A

playhelmenthis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

scolex

A

structure that allows cestodes to attach to host and absorb food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what structure do cestodes absorb food through?

A

epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

proglottids

A

a series of repetitive sections that grow at the base of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Rotifers live in _______ environments

A

aquatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What type of cavity do rotifers have?

A

psuedocoelomate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is a pseudocoelomate?

A

a false cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

corona in rotifers

A

a ciliated structure used for locomotion and gathering food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

rotifers have complex jaws that ______ ______ ______

A

break down food

76
Q

Rotifers have a compete gut with one-way direction. T or F?

A

T

77
Q

Alimentary canal

A

digestive tube w/ two openings

78
Q

What type of asexual reproduction do Rotifera use?

A

parthenogenesis

79
Q

parthenogenesis

A

females produce more females from unfertilized egg through the spontaneous doubling of chromosomes

80
Q

Can the embryos of rotifera go into a dormant stage?

A

yes

81
Q

What are two lophophorate phyla

A
  1. ectoprocts

2. brachiopods

82
Q

ectoprocts

A

small colonial, sessile animals that are encased in a hard exoskeleton

83
Q

brachiopods

A

marine animals that have a dorsal and ventral cell

84
Q

visceral mass

A

the internal area in which the digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs are concentrated

85
Q

nephridia

A

a special type of excretory structure that removes nitrogenous waste

86
Q

muscular foot

A

muscular structure used for locomotion or capturing prey.

87
Q

mantle

A

thick epidermal sheet that covers the dorsal side of the body and forms a cavity in which the respiratory organs are housed along with openings for systems within the visceral mass

88
Q

ctenidia

A

respiratory gills that consist of filamentous projections of the mantle that are rich in blood vessels.

89
Q

what is a synapomorphy of mollusca?

A

shells

90
Q

shells are secreted by ________

A

mantle

91
Q

radula

A

a rasping tongue-like organ w/ microscopic chitonous teeth used for feeding

92
Q

most mollusks have open circulatory systems. T or F?

A

T

93
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

blood enters the cavity and mixes with tissue fluid

94
Q

What type of circulatory system do cephalopods have?

A

closed

95
Q

mullusca have internal and external fertilization. some are hermaphroditic and some have separate sexes. T or F?

A

T

96
Q

All Mollusca have what kind of larvae?

A

trochophores

97
Q

trochophores

A

free swimming larvae

98
Q

what type of secondary larvae do gastropods have?

A

veliger

99
Q

What are the four classes of mullusca?

A
  1. polyplacophora
  2. Gastropoda
  3. Bivalves
  4. Cephalopods
100
Q

what type of mulluscas have oval bodies w/ 8 overlapping dorsal calcareous plates that included marine mollusks and chitons?

A

polyplacophora

101
Q

What class are slugs and snails in?

A

Gastropoda

102
Q

a process by which the mantle cavity and anus are moved from a posterior location to front of the body closer to where the mouth is located. This causes gastropods to not be bilateral, because it often leads to the reduction or disappearance of some of the left organs

A

torsion

103
Q

Clams, scallops, oysters, and muscles that have two lateral shells are part of what class?

A

bivalves

104
Q

octopi, squid, cuttlefish, and nautiluses are part of what class?

A

Cephalopoda

105
Q

Through what do cephalopoda expel water through?

A

the siphon

106
Q

__________ make up 40% of all documented extinctions

A

molluscs

107
Q

metameres

A

segments

108
Q

segmentation

A

the building of a body from a series of similar segments or repeated unites that are separated by a septa

109
Q

Parapodia

A

fleshy, paired, paddle-like lateral projections on most of the segments

110
Q

_______ worms have modified hook parapodia used for anchoring

A

tube

111
Q

Marine worms are part of the group _____

A

polychaetes

112
Q

polychaetes have ________ sexes with ________ fertilization

A

separate

external

113
Q

Polychaetes have parapodia. T or F?

A

T

114
Q

What group are earthworms and leaches a part of?

A

oligeochaetes

115
Q

How many segments do earthworms typically have?

A

100-175

116
Q

Cheatae

A

hair-like structures on each segment to allow for traction

117
Q

Metanephridium

A

excretory tube w/ ciliated funnel-shaped opening

118
Q

What is included in the earthworm nervous system?

A

pair of cerebral ganglia, ventral nerve chords w/ segmented ganglia

119
Q

Earthworms have no eyes but have ____, _____, and ______ sensitive cells

A

light, chemo, and touch

120
Q

What type of circulatory system do earthworms have?

A

closed

121
Q

What type of reproductive system do earthworms have?

A

hermaphroditic and receive and expel sperm at the same time

122
Q

The _______ secretes a mucus which holds the worms together during copulation and creates a cocoon where fertilization occurs in annelida

A

clitellum

123
Q

Leeches are part of what phylum?

A

annelida

124
Q

Leeches are flattened _________

A

dorsoventrally

125
Q

What is the synapomorphy of Ecdysozoans

A

Ecdysis

126
Q

Ecdysis

A

molting outer cuticle layer as they grow

127
Q

Nematoda are unsegmented. T or F?

A

T

128
Q

Longitudinal Musculature

A

muscles extend along the length of the body, which pull against both the cuticle and the pseudopodia

129
Q

Nematoda lack respiratory systems and exchange gas through their _________

A

cuticles

130
Q

Nematoda have an undeveloped digestive system. T or F?

A

F, Nematoda have well developed digestive systems

131
Q

What are stylets of the Nematoda?

A

piercing organs near the mouth

132
Q

Are Nematoda active hunters?

A

yes

133
Q

Direct development

A

small juvenile (no larval stage) emerges from the egg

134
Q

What are the 4 types of roundworms that cause human diseases

A
  1. trichinella
  2. pinworms
  3. ascaris
  4. filariasis
135
Q

Trichinella

A

comes from undercooked pork and infects the muscles

136
Q

Pinworms

A

found in human rectums

137
Q

Ascaris

A

found in intestines

138
Q

Filariasis

A

live in lymphatic system and causes by several species of roundworm

139
Q

What are the synapomorphies of arthropoda

A

jointed appendages

140
Q

What is the most abundant animals phylum

A

arthropoda

141
Q

What are the two advantages of jointed appendages?

A
  1. extend and retract

2. joints make leverage possible

142
Q

what is the exoskeleton made of?

A

chitin and protein

143
Q

What are the benefits and detriments of the exoskeleton?

A

helps protect and stop water loss

restricts growth

144
Q

Tagmata

A

segments specialized into groups

145
Q

Compound Eye

A

composed of thousands of independent units w/ each one containing a lense, renticular cells, and a nerve fiber

146
Q

What type of circulatory system do arthropoda have?

A

open

147
Q

What does the nervous system in arthropoda consist of?

A

a double chain of segmented ganglia running along the ventral surface

148
Q

A trachea, Tracheoles, and spiracles are included in which phylum?

A

arthropoda

149
Q

Trachea and Tracheoles

A

series of branded tubes that transmit oxygen through the body

150
Q

Spiracles

A

openings in which air passes into trachea

151
Q

What are the groups within arthropoda?

A
  1. Chelicerates
152
Q

Spiders, scorpions, mites, or ticks are part of what group?

A

Chelicerates
Myriapods
Hexapods
Crustaceans

153
Q

Chelicare

A

are fangs and pinchers (the mouthparts of arthropoda)

154
Q

What are the two segments of arthropods

A

prosoma

opisthsoma

155
Q

prosoma

A

contains 4 pairs of walking legs

156
Q

opisthsoma

A

contains the reproductive organs

157
Q

pedipalps

A

legs that are modified into copulatory organs, large pincers, and sensory organs

158
Q

Myriapods

A

centipede and millipedes

159
Q

myriapods consist of a head with _____ body segment(s)

A

many

160
Q

how many pairs of legs per segment do centipedes have?

A

1

161
Q

how many pairs of millipedes per segment do centipedes have?

A

2

162
Q

How many pairs of antennae do myriapods have?

A

one

163
Q

Mandibles

A

modified appendages

164
Q

insects are part of what group?

A

hexapods

165
Q

How many magmata do insects have?

A

3; head, thorax, and abdomen

166
Q

Insects have uniramous _________

A

appendages

167
Q

What are the two types of sensory receptors that Hexapoda have?

A
  1. sensory sentae

2. tympanum

168
Q

sensory state

A

hair like that detect mechanical or chemical stimulation

169
Q

Tympanum

A

paired structures w/ a thin membrane that detects sound

170
Q

Crustaceans are primarily ________

A

aquatic

171
Q

Crustaceans have three tagmata, but sometimes the head and thorax are fused into a _________

A

cephalothorax

172
Q

How many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have?

A

two

173
Q

Biramous appendages

A

two branched

174
Q

Crustaceans have __________ gills

A

feathery

175
Q

What are the two phylum within deuterostomia?

A
  1. Echidnoderms

2. Chordata

176
Q

What type of symmetry do echinoderms have as larvae and adults?

A

bilateral larvae and pentaradial adult stage

177
Q

What is the endoskeleton of echinodermata composed of?

A

movable or fixed calcium rich plates called ossicles

178
Q

The water vascular system is used for _______

A

locomotion

179
Q

what type of asexual reproduction do echinodermata use?

A

regeneration

180
Q

what type of sexual reproduction do echinodermata use?

A

external w/ separate sexes

181
Q

The echinoderms water vascular system consists of one _______ canal and five ________ canals that extend into each of the five parts of the body

A

ring, radial

182
Q

Madroporite pore

A

an opening in which water enters into the vascular system

183
Q

Tube feet

A

extension of water vascular system that allows for suction

184
Q

ampulla

A

muscular sac at the base of each foot that helps with locomotion

185
Q

What are 5 extant classes of echinoderms

A
  1. Asteroidea
  2. Holothuoidea
  3. Echinodea
  4. Crinoidea
  5. Ophiuroidea

Biology II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions