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Biology II > Chapter 35-38: Plant Structure and Reproduction > Flashcards

Chapter 35-38: Plant Structure and Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the root system in vascular plants?

A

anchors plant and absorbs water and ions

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2
Q

What does the shoot system in vascular plants consist of?

A

consists of stems and leaves

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3
Q

Root systems are (above/below) ground and shoot systems are (above/below) ground

A

below, above

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4
Q

What are the three types of tissues in plants?

A

dermal, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

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5
Q

What is specific about dermal tissue?

A

forms a protective outer cover that is usually one cell thick

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6
Q

What is specific about ground tissue?

A

functions in photosynthesis, storage secretion support, and protection

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7
Q

What is specific about vascular tissue?

A

conducts fluids and dissolved substances throughout the plant

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8
Q

What are the two types of vascular tissues in a plant?

A

xylem and phloem

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9
Q

What is the function of the xylem?

A

conducts water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant

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10
Q

What is the function of the phloem?

A

conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the cells of the plants

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11
Q

what are the four regions of a root?

A

root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of maturation

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12
Q

From the tip to the top what is the order of the regions of a root?

A

root cap, cell division, elongation, maturation

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13
Q

What is the function of the root cap region?

A

protection and secretion

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14
Q

What is the function of the cell division region?

A

cells divide rapidly on the edges of the meristem

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15
Q

What is the function of cell maturation?

A

cells turn into different types of cells

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16
Q

Buttress roots help with __________

A

structure

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17
Q

Prop roots help with ____________

A

support

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18
Q

Pneumatophores help with _____________

A

aeration

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19
Q

Storage roots help with ____________

A

store carbohydrates

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20
Q

What is a node of a leaf?

A

area of leaf attachment to stem

21
Q

What is the internode of a leaf?

A

the area between the two nodes

22
Q

What is the petriole?

A

the stalk that connects the stem to the blade of the leaf

23
Q

What is the axil of the stem?

A

the angle between the petiole and the stem

24
Q

what is the auxiliary bud?

A

develops into branches with leaves or flowers

25
Q

what are tendrils?

A

modified leaves

26
Q

what are stolons?

A

they are the same as runners

27
Q

what are tubers?

A

storage stems

28
Q

what are cladophylls?

A

cacti

29
Q

What are eudicots veins of leaves?

A

veins that form an intricate network (ex. maples)

30
Q

what are monocot veins of leaves?

A

veins that run parallel to each other (ex. grasses)

31
Q

What is a simple blade leaf?

A

blades that are undivided but may have many lobes or lobes of various sizes

32
Q

what is a compound blade leaf?

A

a blade that is divided into leaflets

33
Q

what is a pinnately compound blade leaf?

A

a divided blade into leaflets, arranged along central axis

34
Q

what is a palmately compound blade leaf?

A

a divided blade into leaflets radiating around a common center (clover)

35
Q

how many distinct whorls does a compete flower have?

A

4

36
Q

what holds the carpal?

A

the receptacle

37
Q

what is all the sepals known as?

A

calyx

38
Q

what are all the petals known as?

A

corolla

39
Q

what are all the stamens known as?

A

androecium

40
Q

what are all the carpals known as?

A

gynoecium

41
Q

in flowering plants what is pollination?

A

pollen being placed on the stigma

42
Q

what are 3 adaptations for wind pollen

A
  1. separation of male and female structures
  2. slender filaments that hand down
  3. long feathery stigma
43
Q

dioecous

A

flowers in which the male and female structures are on completely different plants

44
Q

dichogamous

A

the male and female structures are usually on the same plant (monoecious), but they mature at different times

45
Q

self-incompatibility

A

pollen and stigma recognize each other as being genetically related and the pollen tube growth is blocked

46
Q

What is apoximis asexual reproduction?

A

asexually reproducing an embryo with a seed from the parent plant. (via mitosis)

47
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

new plant individuals are cloned from adult parts. (Christmas cacti,

48
Q

protoplast regeneration

A

plants can be cloned from isolated cells in the laboratory on a nutrient medium with growth hormones

Biology II (18 decks)

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