Chapter 35-38: Plant Structure and Reproduction

Question 1

What is the function of the root system in vascular plants?

Answer 1

anchors plant and absorbs water and ions

Question 2

What does the shoot system in vascular plants consist of?

Answer 2

consists of stems and leaves

Question 3

Root systems are (above/below) ground and shoot systems are (above/below) ground

Answer 3

below, above

Question 4

What are the three types of tissues in plants?

Answer 4

dermal, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

Question 5

What is specific about dermal tissue?

Answer 5

forms a protective outer cover that is usually one cell thick

Question 6

What is specific about ground tissue?

Answer 6

functions in photosynthesis, storage secretion support, and protection

Question 7

What is specific about vascular tissue?

Answer 7

conducts fluids and dissolved substances throughout the plant

Question 8

What are the two types of vascular tissues in a plant?

Answer 8

xylem and phloem

Question 9

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 9

conducts water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant

Question 10

What is the function of the phloem?

Answer 10

conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the cells of the plants

Question 11

what are the four regions of a root?

Answer 11

root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of maturation

Question 12

From the tip to the top what is the order of the regions of a root?

Answer 12

root cap, cell division, elongation, maturation

Question 13

What is the function of the root cap region?

Answer 13

protection and secretion

Question 14

What is the function of the cell division region?

Answer 14

cells divide rapidly on the edges of the meristem

Question 15

What is the function of cell maturation?

Answer 15

cells turn into different types of cells

Question 16

Buttress roots help with __________

Answer 16

structure

Question 17

Prop roots help with ____________

Answer 17

support

Question 18

Pneumatophores help with _____________

Answer 18

aeration

Question 19

Storage roots help with ____________

Answer 19

store carbohydrates

Question 20

What is a node of a leaf?

Answer 20

area of leaf attachment to stem

Question 21

What is the internode of a leaf?

Answer 21

the area between the two nodes

Question 22

What is the petriole?

Answer 22

the stalk that connects the stem to the blade of the leaf

Question 23

What is the axil of the stem?

Answer 23

the angle between the petiole and the stem

Question 24

what is the auxiliary bud?

Answer 24

develops into branches with leaves or flowers

Question 25

what are tendrils?

Answer 25

modified leaves

Question 26

what are stolons?

Answer 26

they are the same as runners

Question 27

what are tubers?

Answer 27

storage stems

Question 28

what are cladophylls?

Answer 28

cacti

Question 29

What are eudicots veins of leaves?

Answer 29

veins that form an intricate network (ex. maples)

Question 30

what are monocot veins of leaves?

Answer 30

veins that run parallel to each other (ex. grasses)

Question 31

What is a simple blade leaf?

Answer 31

blades that are undivided but may have many lobes or lobes of various sizes

Question 32

what is a compound blade leaf?

Answer 32

a blade that is divided into leaflets

Question 33

what is a pinnately compound blade leaf?

Answer 33

a divided blade into leaflets, arranged along central axis

Question 34

what is a palmately compound blade leaf?

Answer 34

a divided blade into leaflets radiating around a common center (clover)

Question 35

how many distinct whorls does a compete flower have?

Answer 35

4

Question 36

what holds the carpal?

Answer 36

the receptacle

Question 37

what is all the sepals known as?

Answer 37

calyx

Question 38

what are all the petals known as?

Answer 38

corolla

Question 39

what are all the stamens known as?

Answer 39

androecium

Question 40

what are all the carpals known as?

Answer 40

gynoecium

Question 41

in flowering plants what is pollination?

Answer 41

pollen being placed on the stigma

Question 42

what are 3 adaptations for wind pollen

Answer 42

1. separation of male and female structures 2. slender filaments that hand down 3. long feathery stigma

Question 43

dioecous

Answer 43

flowers in which the male and female structures are on completely different plants

Question 44

dichogamous

Answer 44

the male and female structures are usually on the same plant (monoecious), but they mature at different times

Question 45

self-incompatibility

Answer 45

pollen and stigma recognize each other as being genetically related and the pollen tube growth is blocked

Question 46

What is apoximis asexual reproduction?

Answer 46

asexually reproducing an embryo with a seed from the parent plant. (via mitosis)

Question 47

vegetative reproduction

Answer 47

new plant individuals are cloned from adult parts. (Christmas cacti,

Question 48

protoplast regeneration

Answer 48

plants can be cloned from isolated cells in the laboratory on a nutrient medium with growth hormones