Chapter 35-38: Plant Structure and Reproduction Flashcards
What is the function of the root system in vascular plants?
anchors plant and absorbs water and ions
What does the shoot system in vascular plants consist of?
consists of stems and leaves
Root systems are (above/below) ground and shoot systems are (above/below) ground
below, above
What are the three types of tissues in plants?
dermal, ground tissue, and vascular tissue
What is specific about dermal tissue?
forms a protective outer cover that is usually one cell thick
What is specific about ground tissue?
functions in photosynthesis, storage secretion support, and protection
What is specific about vascular tissue?
conducts fluids and dissolved substances throughout the plant
What are the two types of vascular tissues in a plant?
xylem and phloem
What is the function of the xylem?
conducts water and minerals from the roots throughout the plant
What is the function of the phloem?
conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the cells of the plants
what are the four regions of a root?
root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of maturation
From the tip to the top what is the order of the regions of a root?
root cap, cell division, elongation, maturation
What is the function of the root cap region?
protection and secretion
What is the function of the cell division region?
cells divide rapidly on the edges of the meristem
What is the function of cell maturation?
cells turn into different types of cells
Buttress roots help with __________
structure
Prop roots help with ____________
support
Pneumatophores help with _____________
aeration
Storage roots help with ____________
store carbohydrates
What is a node of a leaf?
area of leaf attachment to stem
What is the internode of a leaf?
the area between the two nodes
What is the petriole?
the stalk that connects the stem to the blade of the leaf
What is the axil of the stem?
the angle between the petiole and the stem
what is the auxiliary bud?
develops into branches with leaves or flowers
what are tendrils?
modified leaves
what are stolons?
they are the same as runners
what are tubers?
storage stems
what are cladophylls?
cacti
What are eudicots veins of leaves?
veins that form an intricate network (ex. maples)
what are monocot veins of leaves?
veins that run parallel to each other (ex. grasses)
What is a simple blade leaf?
blades that are undivided but may have many lobes or lobes of various sizes
what is a compound blade leaf?
a blade that is divided into leaflets
what is a pinnately compound blade leaf?
a divided blade into leaflets, arranged along central axis
what is a palmately compound blade leaf?
a divided blade into leaflets radiating around a common center (clover)
how many distinct whorls does a compete flower have?
4
what holds the carpal?
the receptacle
what is all the sepals known as?
calyx
what are all the petals known as?
corolla
what are all the stamens known as?
androecium
what are all the carpals known as?
gynoecium
in flowering plants what is pollination?
pollen being placed on the stigma
what are 3 adaptations for wind pollen
- separation of male and female structures
- slender filaments that hand down
- long feathery stigma
dioecous
flowers in which the male and female structures are on completely different plants
dichogamous
the male and female structures are usually on the same plant (monoecious), but they mature at different times
self-incompatibility
pollen and stigma recognize each other as being genetically related and the pollen tube growth is blocked
What is apoximis asexual reproduction?
asexually reproducing an embryo with a seed from the parent plant. (via mitosis)
vegetative reproduction
new plant individuals are cloned from adult parts. (Christmas cacti,
protoplast regeneration
plants can be cloned from isolated cells in the laboratory on a nutrient medium with growth hormones
