Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

What are two features of animals regarding their nutrition?

A

heterotrophs

internal digestion

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2
Q

What are the three features of cell structures in animals?

A

multicellular
no cell walls
collagen

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3
Q

What is internal digestion?

A

use enzymes within their body to digest food

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4
Q

What was the beneficial adaptation for no cell walls?

A

allowing for more flexibility

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5
Q

What is the most abundant protein that provides structural support

A

collagen

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6
Q

What phylum does not have true tissue?

A

Porifera

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7
Q

Tissues

A

groups of cells that have common structure or function or both

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8
Q

Instead of true tissues Porifera have ________

A

choanocytes

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9
Q

Do all animals reproduce sexually?

A

yes

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10
Q

What are the 5 steps of animal reproduction?

A
  1. mitotic divisions called cleavage
  2. morula
  3. blastula
  4. blastopore
  5. Gastrula (development of primitive gut)
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11
Q

What is a morula?

A

solid ball of cells

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12
Q

What is a blastula?

A

hollow ball of cells

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13
Q

What is a blastopore?

A

hollow sac with opening at one end made from blastula folding inward

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14
Q

What shows that animals are sister taxa to choanoflagellates?

A

an individual choanoflagellate looks like the collar cell in sponges

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15
Q

asymmetry and an example

A

no symmetry (sponges)

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16
Q

radial symmetry

A

symmetry around a central axis

17
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

left and right sides that mirror images

18
Q

Sea stars are pentalateral. T or F?

A

F, their larva are bilateral therefore they are bilateral

19
Q

Diploblast and the layers

A

having two germ laters which is found in radial animals
ectoderm
endoderm

20
Q

Triploblast and the layers

A

having 3 germ layers which is found in bilateral animals
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

21
Q

Acoelomate

A

no body cavity bc the space between the endoderm and the mesoderm is filled w/ cells and organic materials

22
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

have a body called the pseudocel located between the meso and endo derm

23
Q

coelomate

A

a fluid filled body cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm

24
Q

body cavity types are an example of ______

25
What are the protostomes cleavage pattern?
spiral
26
What are the deuterostomes cleavage pattern?
radial
27
What are the protostomes embryonic cell fate?
determinate
28
What are the deuterostomes embryonic cell fate?
indeterminate (allows for cloning)
29
What are the protostomes Blastopore fate?
mouth
30
What are the deuterostomes Blastopore fate?
anus
31
What are the deuterostomes coelom formation in comparison to protostomes?
more complex
32
What are the protostomes coelom formation in comparison to deuterostomes?
simple and direct
33
What are Ecdysozoans
animals that undergo ecdysis, shedding of the exoskeleton
34
What are the two types of lophotrochozoans
lophophorates | trochozoans
35
What are lophophorates?
animals that have a fan of ciliated tentacles surround the mouth
36
What are trochozoans?
have trochophore larvae, which have two bands of cilia around the middle