Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

Question 1

What are two features of animals regarding their nutrition?

Answer 1

heterotrophs

internal digestion

Question 2

What are the three features of cell structures in animals?

Answer 2

multicellular
no cell walls
collagen

Question 3

What is internal digestion?

Answer 3

use enzymes within their body to digest food

Question 4

What was the beneficial adaptation for no cell walls?

Answer 4

allowing for more flexibility

Question 5

What is the most abundant protein that provides structural support

Answer 5

collagen

Question 6

What phylum does not have true tissue?

Answer 6

Porifera

Question 7

Tissues

Answer 7

groups of cells that have common structure or function or both

Question 8

Instead of true tissues Porifera have ________

Answer 8

choanocytes

Question 9

Do all animals reproduce sexually?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

What are the 5 steps of animal reproduction?

Answer 10

1. mitotic divisions called cleavage
2. morula
3. blastula
4. blastopore
5. Gastrula (development of primitive gut)

Question 11

What is a morula?

Answer 11

solid ball of cells

Question 12

What is a blastula?

Answer 12

hollow ball of cells

Question 13

What is a blastopore?

Answer 13

hollow sac with opening at one end made from blastula folding inward

Question 14

What shows that animals are sister taxa to choanoflagellates?

Answer 14

an individual choanoflagellate looks like the collar cell in sponges

Question 15

asymmetry and an example

Answer 15

no symmetry (sponges)

Question 16

radial symmetry

Answer 16

symmetry around a central axis

Question 17

bilateral symmetry

Answer 17

left and right sides that mirror images

Question 18

Sea stars are pentalateral. T or F?

Answer 18

F, their larva are bilateral therefore they are bilateral

Question 19

Diploblast and the layers

Answer 19

having two germ laters which is found in radial animals
ectoderm
endoderm

Question 20

Triploblast and the layers

Answer 20

having 3 germ layers which is found in bilateral animals
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

Question 21

Acoelomate

Answer 21

no body cavity bc the space between the endoderm and the mesoderm is filled w/ cells and organic materials

Question 22

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 22

have a body called the pseudocel located between the meso and endo derm

Question 23

coelomate

Answer 23

a fluid filled body cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm

Question 24

body cavity types are an example of ______

Answer 24

homoplasy

Question 25

What are the protostomes cleavage pattern?

Answer 25

spiral

Question 26

What are the deuterostomes cleavage pattern?

Answer 26

radial

Question 27

What are the protostomes embryonic cell fate?

Answer 27

determinate

Question 28

What are the deuterostomes embryonic cell fate?

Answer 28

indeterminate (allows for cloning)

Question 29

What are the protostomes Blastopore fate?

Answer 29

mouth

Question 30

What are the deuterostomes Blastopore fate?

Answer 30

anus

Question 31

What are the deuterostomes coelom formation in comparison to protostomes?

Answer 31

more complex

Question 32

What are the protostomes coelom formation in comparison to deuterostomes?

Answer 32

simple and direct

Question 33

What are Ecdysozoans

Answer 33

animals that undergo ecdysis, shedding of the exoskeleton

Question 34

What are the two types of lophotrochozoans

Answer 34

lophophorates

trochozoans

Question 35

What are lophophorates?

Answer 35

animals that have a fan of ciliated tentacles surround the mouth

Question 36

What are trochozoans?

Answer 36

have trochophore larvae, which have two bands of cilia around the middle