Chapter 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity Flashcards
What are two features of animals regarding their nutrition?
heterotrophs
internal digestion
What are the three features of cell structures in animals?
multicellular
no cell walls
collagen
What is internal digestion?
use enzymes within their body to digest food
What was the beneficial adaptation for no cell walls?
allowing for more flexibility
What is the most abundant protein that provides structural support
collagen
What phylum does not have true tissue?
Porifera
Tissues
groups of cells that have common structure or function or both
Instead of true tissues Porifera have ________
choanocytes
Do all animals reproduce sexually?
yes
What are the 5 steps of animal reproduction?
- mitotic divisions called cleavage
- morula
- blastula
- blastopore
- Gastrula (development of primitive gut)
What is a morula?
solid ball of cells
What is a blastula?
hollow ball of cells
What is a blastopore?
hollow sac with opening at one end made from blastula folding inward
What shows that animals are sister taxa to choanoflagellates?
an individual choanoflagellate looks like the collar cell in sponges
asymmetry and an example
no symmetry (sponges)
radial symmetry
symmetry around a central axis
bilateral symmetry
left and right sides that mirror images
Sea stars are pentalateral. T or F?
F, their larva are bilateral therefore they are bilateral
Diploblast and the layers
having two germ laters which is found in radial animals
ectoderm
endoderm
Triploblast and the layers
having 3 germ layers which is found in bilateral animals
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
Acoelomate
no body cavity bc the space between the endoderm and the mesoderm is filled w/ cells and organic materials
Pseudocoelomate
have a body called the pseudocel located between the meso and endo derm
coelomate
a fluid filled body cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm
body cavity types are an example of ______
homoplasy
What are the protostomes cleavage pattern?
spiral
What are the deuterostomes cleavage pattern?
radial
What are the protostomes embryonic cell fate?
determinate
What are the deuterostomes embryonic cell fate?
indeterminate (allows for cloning)
What are the protostomes Blastopore fate?
mouth
What are the deuterostomes Blastopore fate?
anus
What are the deuterostomes coelom formation in comparison to protostomes?
more complex
What are the protostomes coelom formation in comparison to deuterostomes?
simple and direct
What are Ecdysozoans
animals that undergo ecdysis, shedding of the exoskeleton
What are the two types of lophotrochozoans
lophophorates
trochozoans
What are lophophorates?
animals that have a fan of ciliated tentacles surround the mouth
What are trochozoans?
have trochophore larvae, which have two bands of cilia around the middle
