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Biology II > Chapter 30: Plant Diversity > Flashcards

Chapter 30: Plant Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Starting from green algae list the species from oldest to newest (liverworts, hornworts, pterophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms, lycophytes, mosses)

A

liverworts, mosses, and hornworts (bryophytes), lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

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2
Q

List the land plants from oldest to newest phylum

A

bryo, lyco, ptero, gymno, and then angio

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3
Q

How long ago is the origin of land plants?

A

475 mya

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4
Q

How long ago is the origin of vascular plants?

A

425 mya

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5
Q

How long ago is the origin of extant seed plants?

A

305 mya

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6
Q

Describe the differences between NV plants, seedless V plants, and seed plants regarding the sporophyte and gametophyte

A

nv plants- S coming out of G
seedless V plants- S and G separate
seed plants- S and G together

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7
Q

Microscopic gametophyte in seed and pollen grains can develop from spores within the sporangia of the ________ sporophyte

A

parental

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8
Q

Between seedless and seed plants which one has an independent gametophyte

A

seedless

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9
Q

What produces a megaspore?

A

a megasporangia

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10
Q

Is the mega/micro spore enclosed in an ovule surrounded by sporophyte

A

mega

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11
Q

does the mega or micro spore develop into a male gametophyte?

A

micro

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12
Q

What is the integument?

A

a layer of sporophyte tissue that protects the megasporangium

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13
Q

megasporangium + megaspore + integuments = ?

A

ovule

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14
Q

how many eggs does the female gametophyte develop into?

A

one

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15
Q

Pollen grain develops from ______spore and is considered the _____ gametophyte

A

micro, male

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16
Q

What are the 5 evolutionary advantage of seeds over spores

A
  1. protected by ovule
  2. can have dormant phase
  3. food supply
  4. enhanced dispersal
  5. drought and temp protection
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17
Q

Do gymnosperms sperms have ovules?

A

no

18
Q

What are the four kinds of gymnosperms?

A

coniferophyta, cycadophyta, gnetophyta, ginkgophyta

19
Q

What are the four advantages of conifer morphology?

A
  1. needles
  2. resin
  3. non-rigid cells
  4. thick bark
20
Q

What is the evolutionary function of needles?

A

they have a thick cuticle and recessed stomata that help protect against the cold

21
Q

What is the evolutionary function of resin?

A

helps deter bugs and fungus

22
Q

What is the evolutionary function of non-rigid cell walls?

A

helps protect against wind and snow

23
Q

What is the evolutionary function of thick bark?

A

helps protect against cold temperature and fires

24
Q

Which type of cones are larger and located on upper branches?

A

female

25
Q

Which types of cones are smaller and located on the lower branches?

A

male

26
Q

Are the micro and mega sporangium separate or together on the conifers?

A

separate

27
Q

What are the synapomorphies of chlorophytes?

A

chlorophyll b

28
Q

What are the synapomorphies of charophytes?

A

plasmodesmata

29
Q

What are the synapomorphies of liverworts?

A

multicellular embryo, antheridia and archegonia, and cuticle

30
Q

What are the synapomorphies of mosses?

A

stomata

31
Q

What are the synapomorphies of lycophytes?

A

stems, roots, and leaves, and dominant sporophytes, and vascular tissue

32
Q

What are the synapomorphies of ferns and allies?

A

euphylls

33
Q

What are the synapomorphies of gymnosperms?

A

seeds

34
Q

What are synapomorphies of angiosperms?

A

flowers and fruits

35
Q

How many species of angiosperms are there?

A

250,000

36
Q

What are the synapomorphies of angiosperms?

A
  1. flowers
  2. ovary
  3. stigma
  4. double fertilization takes places
  5. stamens w/ pollen
37
Q

Where is the pollen located in the flower

A

stamen

38
Q

What are the two parts of the stamen?

A

anther and filament

39
Q

What are the two parts of the pistil?

A

ovary, style, and stigma

40
Q

What is the most diverse phylum?

A

angiosperms

Biology II (18 decks)

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