Chapter 30: Plant Diversity Flashcards
Starting from green algae list the species from oldest to newest (liverworts, hornworts, pterophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms, lycophytes, mosses)
liverworts, mosses, and hornworts (bryophytes), lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
List the land plants from oldest to newest phylum
bryo, lyco, ptero, gymno, and then angio
How long ago is the origin of land plants?
475 mya
How long ago is the origin of vascular plants?
425 mya
How long ago is the origin of extant seed plants?
305 mya
Describe the differences between NV plants, seedless V plants, and seed plants regarding the sporophyte and gametophyte
nv plants- S coming out of G
seedless V plants- S and G separate
seed plants- S and G together
Microscopic gametophyte in seed and pollen grains can develop from spores within the sporangia of the ________ sporophyte
parental
Between seedless and seed plants which one has an independent gametophyte
seedless
What produces a megaspore?
a megasporangia
Is the mega/micro spore enclosed in an ovule surrounded by sporophyte
mega
does the mega or micro spore develop into a male gametophyte?
micro
What is the integument?
a layer of sporophyte tissue that protects the megasporangium
megasporangium + megaspore + integuments = ?
ovule
how many eggs does the female gametophyte develop into?
one
Pollen grain develops from ______spore and is considered the _____ gametophyte
micro, male
What are the 5 evolutionary advantage of seeds over spores
- protected by ovule
- can have dormant phase
- food supply
- enhanced dispersal
- drought and temp protection
Do gymnosperms sperms have ovules?
no
What are the four kinds of gymnosperms?
coniferophyta, cycadophyta, gnetophyta, ginkgophyta
What are the four advantages of conifer morphology?
- needles
- resin
- non-rigid cells
- thick bark
What is the evolutionary function of needles?
they have a thick cuticle and recessed stomata that help protect against the cold
What is the evolutionary function of resin?
helps deter bugs and fungus
What is the evolutionary function of non-rigid cell walls?
helps protect against wind and snow
What is the evolutionary function of thick bark?
helps protect against cold temperature and fires
Which type of cones are larger and located on upper branches?
female
Which types of cones are smaller and located on the lower branches?
male
Are the micro and mega sporangium separate or together on the conifers?
separate
What are the synapomorphies of chlorophytes?
chlorophyll b
What are the synapomorphies of charophytes?
plasmodesmata
What are the synapomorphies of liverworts?
multicellular embryo, antheridia and archegonia, and cuticle
What are the synapomorphies of mosses?
stomata
What are the synapomorphies of lycophytes?
stems, roots, and leaves, and dominant sporophytes, and vascular tissue
What are the synapomorphies of ferns and allies?
euphylls
What are the synapomorphies of gymnosperms?
seeds
What are synapomorphies of angiosperms?
flowers and fruits
How many species of angiosperms are there?
250,000
What are the synapomorphies of angiosperms?
- flowers
- ovary
- stigma
- double fertilization takes places
- stamens w/ pollen
Where is the pollen located in the flower
stamen
What are the two parts of the stamen?
anther and filament
What are the two parts of the pistil?
ovary, style, and stigma
What is the most diverse phylum?
angiosperms
