Chapter 30: Plant Diversity

Question 1

Starting from green algae list the species from oldest to newest (liverworts, hornworts, pterophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms, lycophytes, mosses)

Answer 1

liverworts, mosses, and hornworts (bryophytes), lycophytes, pterophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

Question 2

List the land plants from oldest to newest phylum

Answer 2

bryo, lyco, ptero, gymno, and then angio

Question 3

How long ago is the origin of land plants?

Answer 3

475 mya

Question 4

How long ago is the origin of vascular plants?

Answer 4

425 mya

Question 5

How long ago is the origin of extant seed plants?

Answer 5

305 mya

Question 6

Describe the differences between NV plants, seedless V plants, and seed plants regarding the sporophyte and gametophyte

Answer 6

nv plants- S coming out of G
seedless V plants- S and G separate
seed plants- S and G together

Question 7

Microscopic gametophyte in seed and pollen grains can develop from spores within the sporangia of the ________ sporophyte

Answer 7

parental

Question 8

Between seedless and seed plants which one has an independent gametophyte

Answer 8

seedless

Question 9

What produces a megaspore?

Answer 9

a megasporangia

Question 10

Is the mega/micro spore enclosed in an ovule surrounded by sporophyte

Answer 10

mega

Question 11

does the mega or micro spore develop into a male gametophyte?

Answer 11

micro

Question 12

What is the integument?

Answer 12

a layer of sporophyte tissue that protects the megasporangium

Question 13

megasporangium + megaspore + integuments = ?

Answer 13

ovule

Question 14

how many eggs does the female gametophyte develop into?

Answer 14

one

Question 15

Pollen grain develops from ______spore and is considered the _____ gametophyte

Answer 15

micro, male

Question 16

What are the 5 evolutionary advantage of seeds over spores

Answer 16

1. protected by ovule
2. can have dormant phase
3. food supply
4. enhanced dispersal
5. drought and temp protection

Question 17

Do gymnosperms sperms have ovules?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

What are the four kinds of gymnosperms?

Answer 18

coniferophyta, cycadophyta, gnetophyta, ginkgophyta

Question 19

What are the four advantages of conifer morphology?

Answer 19

1. needles
2. resin
3. non-rigid cells
4. thick bark

Question 20

What is the evolutionary function of needles?

Answer 20

they have a thick cuticle and recessed stomata that help protect against the cold

Question 21

What is the evolutionary function of resin?

Answer 21

helps deter bugs and fungus

Question 22

What is the evolutionary function of non-rigid cell walls?

Answer 22

helps protect against wind and snow

Question 23

What is the evolutionary function of thick bark?

Answer 23

helps protect against cold temperature and fires

Question 24

Which type of cones are larger and located on upper branches?

Answer 24

female

Question 25

Which types of cones are smaller and located on the lower branches?

Answer 25

male

Question 26

Are the micro and mega sporangium separate or together on the conifers?

Answer 26

separate

Question 27

What are the synapomorphies of chlorophytes?

Answer 27

chlorophyll b

Question 28

What are the synapomorphies of charophytes?

Answer 28

plasmodesmata

Question 29

What are the synapomorphies of liverworts?

Answer 29

multicellular embryo, antheridia and archegonia, and cuticle

Question 30

What are the synapomorphies of mosses?

Answer 30

stomata

Question 31

What are the synapomorphies of lycophytes?

Answer 31

stems, roots, and leaves, and dominant sporophytes, and vascular tissue

Question 32

What are the synapomorphies of ferns and allies?

Answer 32

euphylls

Question 33

What are the synapomorphies of gymnosperms?

Answer 33

seeds

Question 34

What are synapomorphies of angiosperms?

Answer 34

flowers and fruits

Question 35

How many species of angiosperms are there?

Answer 35

250,000

Question 36

What are the synapomorphies of angiosperms?

Answer 36

1. flowers 2. ovary 3. stigma 4. double fertilization takes places 5. stamens w/ pollen

Question 37

Where is the pollen located in the flower

Answer 37

stamen

Question 38

What are the two parts of the stamen?

Answer 38

anther and filament

Question 39

What are the two parts of the pistil?

Answer 39

ovary, style, and stigma

Question 40

What is the most diverse phylum?

Answer 40

angiosperms