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Biology II > Chapter 52: An into to ecology and the biosphere > Flashcards

Chapter 52: An into to ecology and the biosphere Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

the study of interactions between organisms and the environment

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2
Q

Ecology

A

the study of interactions between organisms and the environment

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

global ecosystem (sum of planet’s ecosystem)

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4
Q

The spherical shape of the earth shows that the equator gets direct sunlight that is _________ to the sun

A

perpindicular

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5
Q

how many degrees is the earth tilted?

A

23.5

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6
Q

warm air rises/falls?

A

rises

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7
Q

coriolis

A

the curvature of wind is unique to its hemisphere

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8
Q

What latitudes do NE and SE trade winds circulate at?

A

30 and 0

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9
Q

Westerlies

A

wind blowing from 30 to 60

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10
Q

what drives wind?

A

solar radiation

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11
Q

What drives ocean currents?

A

wind

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12
Q

Gyre

A

circular ocean current that moves west at equator and east at above equator

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13
Q

Rain Shadows

A

precipitation decreases at leeward side of mountains

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14
Q

Monsoons

A

seasonal wind shifts causes by heating and cooling od large land masses

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15
Q

°C=1100 m from equator -?

A

-6

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16
Q

What biome is characterized by the physical and chemical environment?

A

aquatic

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17
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

little light penetration

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18
Q

Photic Zone

A

light penetrates to allow photosynthesis

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19
Q

Benthic Zone

A

Substrate bottom of a lake

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20
Q

Pelagic Zone

A

Open water zone of a lake

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21
Q

Littoral Zone

A

The photic zone near the shore of a lake

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22
Q

Limnetic Zone

A

Photic away from the shore of a lake

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23
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

area between high and low tide of the ocean

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24
Q

Neritic Zone

A

photic zone near the shore of the ocean

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25
Q

Oceanic Zone

A

photic zone away from shore

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26
Q

Abyssal Zone

A

deep aphotic zone (2,000-6,000)

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27
Q

Which season does layers form in lakes

A

winter and summer

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28
Q

mixing of water causes the flow of what

A

oxygen

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29
Q

What are the 3 types of freshwater biomes

A

lakes, streams and rivers, and wetlands

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30
Q

Aoligotrophic Lake

A

high mountain, lots of O2. little plant growth

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31
Q

Eutrophic Lake

A

low O2 due to decomp

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32
Q

Wetland

A

water saturated soil

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33
Q

Estuaries

A

transition between river and ocean

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34
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

shores

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35
Q

Coral Reef

A

sub tropical or tropical, calcium carbonate coral skeleton

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36
Q

Oceanic Pelagic zone

A

vast open blue water mixed by wind-driven currents

37
Q

Marine Benthic Zone

A

Sea floor

38
Q

Biosphere

A

global ecosystem (sum of planet’s ecosystem)

39
Q

The spherical shape of the earth shows that the equator gets direct sunlight that is _________ to the sun

A

perpindicular

40
Q

how many degrees is the earth tilted?

A

23.5

41
Q

warm air rises/falls?

A

rises

42
Q

coriolis

A

the curvature of wind is unique to its hemisphere

43
Q

What latitudes do NE and SE trade winds circulate at?

A

30 and 0

44
Q

Westerlies

A

wind blowing from 30 to 60

45
Q

what drives wind?

A

solar radiation

46
Q

What drives ocean currents?

A

wind

47
Q

Gyre

A

circular ocean current that moves west at equator and east at above equator

48
Q

Rain Shadows

A

precipitation decreases at leeward side of mountains

49
Q

Monsoons

A

seasonal wind shifts causes by heating and cooling od large land masses

50
Q

°C=1100 m from equator -?

A

-6

51
Q

What biome is characterized by the physical and chemical environment?

A

aquatic

52
Q

what type of biome is characterized by 200-400cm of rain per year. most productive and diverse

A

tropical rain forest

53
Q

what type of biome is characterized by 30-50cm of rain per year.

A

Savannah

54
Q

what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm of rain per year

A

Desert

55
Q

what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm to 50 cm of rain per year

A

Chaparral

56
Q

what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm to 100 cm of rain per year

A

Temperate grasslands

57
Q

What do temperate grasslands need to thrive

A

burn

58
Q

what type of biome is characterized by less than over 300 cm of rain per year

A

temperate rainforest

59
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

little light penetration

60
Q

Photic Zone

A

light penetrates to allow photosynthesis

61
Q

Benthic Zone

A

Substrate bottom of a lake

62
Q

Pelagic Zone

A

Open water zone of a lake

63
Q

Littoral Zone

A

The photic zone near the shore of a lake

64
Q

Limnetic Zone

A

Photic away from the shore of a lake

65
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

area between high and low tide of the ocean

66
Q

Neritic Zone

A

photic zone near the shore of the ocean

67
Q

Oceanic Zone

A

photic zone away from shore

68
Q

Abyssal Zone

A

deep aphotic zone (2,000-6,000)

69
Q

Which season does layers form in lakes

A

winter and summer

70
Q

mixing of water causes the flow of what

A

oxygen

71
Q

What are the 3 types of freshwater biomes

A

lakes, streams and rivers, and wetlands

72
Q

Aoligotrophic Lake

A

high mountain, lots of O2. little plant growth

73
Q

Eutrophic Lake

A

low O2 due to decomp

74
Q

Wetland

A

water saturated soil

75
Q

Estuaries

A

transition between river and ocean

76
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

shores

77
Q

Coral Reef

A

sub tropical or tropical, calcium carbonate coral skeleton

78
Q

Oceanic Pelagic zone

A

vast open blue water mixed by wind-driven currents

79
Q

Marine Benthic Zone

A

Sea floor

80
Q

What biome has a mild, seasonal climate with abundant precipitation (over 300cm a year)

A

Temperate Rainforest

81
Q

What biome has a colder mean temperature with limited precipitation (30-70cm a year); characterized by conifers that have needle-like leaves that are adapted to the lack of water?

A

Northern Coniferous Forest

82
Q

What biome has a very cold with very little precipitation (20-60cm a year); very few trees and has a layer of permafrost (soil ice that persists through all seasons)

A

Tundra

83
Q

What biome warm temperatures with 200-400cm of rain per year; most productive and diverse ecosystem

A

tropical rainforest

84
Q

What biome is characterized by tropical or subtropical grasslands with warm temperatures and highly seasonal rainfall (30-50cm a year); often transition ecosystem between rainforest and deserts

A

Savannah

85
Q

What biome is characterized by highly variable temperature and rainfall is sparse (less than 30cm a year) and unpredictable; vegetation is sparse and survival depends on water conservation

A

Desert

86
Q

What biome is characterized by cool in fall, winter, and spring and warmer in summer with highly seasonal precipitation (30-50cm a year)? Dominated by grasses, shrubs, and small trees

A

Chaparral

87
Q

What biome is characterized as similar to savannas, but lower mean temperature with highly seasonal precipitation (30-100cm); prairies have rich soils and often need periodic fire to prosper?

A

Temperate Grasslands

88
Q

What biome is characterized by mild, but seasonal climates (warm summers and cool winters) with plenty of rain (70-200cm a year); vegetation characterized by an abundance of deciduous trees?

A

Temperate Broad-Leaf Forest

Biology II (18 decks)

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