Chapter 52: An into to ecology and the biosphere Flashcards
Ecology
the study of interactions between organisms and the environment
Ecology
the study of interactions between organisms and the environment
Biosphere
global ecosystem (sum of planet’s ecosystem)
The spherical shape of the earth shows that the equator gets direct sunlight that is _________ to the sun
perpindicular
how many degrees is the earth tilted?
23.5
warm air rises/falls?
rises
coriolis
the curvature of wind is unique to its hemisphere
What latitudes do NE and SE trade winds circulate at?
30 and 0
Westerlies
wind blowing from 30 to 60
what drives wind?
solar radiation
What drives ocean currents?
wind
Gyre
circular ocean current that moves west at equator and east at above equator
Rain Shadows
precipitation decreases at leeward side of mountains
Monsoons
seasonal wind shifts causes by heating and cooling od large land masses
°C=1100 m from equator -?
-6
What biome is characterized by the physical and chemical environment?
aquatic
Aphotic Zone
little light penetration
Photic Zone
light penetrates to allow photosynthesis
Benthic Zone
Substrate bottom of a lake
Pelagic Zone
Open water zone of a lake
Littoral Zone
The photic zone near the shore of a lake
Limnetic Zone
Photic away from the shore of a lake
Intertidal Zone
area between high and low tide of the ocean
Neritic Zone
photic zone near the shore of the ocean
Oceanic Zone
photic zone away from shore
Abyssal Zone
deep aphotic zone (2,000-6,000)
Which season does layers form in lakes
winter and summer
mixing of water causes the flow of what
oxygen
What are the 3 types of freshwater biomes
lakes, streams and rivers, and wetlands
Aoligotrophic Lake
high mountain, lots of O2. little plant growth
Eutrophic Lake
low O2 due to decomp
Wetland
water saturated soil
Estuaries
transition between river and ocean
Intertidal Zone
shores
Coral Reef
sub tropical or tropical, calcium carbonate coral skeleton
Oceanic Pelagic zone
vast open blue water mixed by wind-driven currents
Marine Benthic Zone
Sea floor
Biosphere
global ecosystem (sum of planet’s ecosystem)
The spherical shape of the earth shows that the equator gets direct sunlight that is _________ to the sun
perpindicular
how many degrees is the earth tilted?
23.5
warm air rises/falls?
rises
coriolis
the curvature of wind is unique to its hemisphere
What latitudes do NE and SE trade winds circulate at?
30 and 0
Westerlies
wind blowing from 30 to 60
what drives wind?
solar radiation
What drives ocean currents?
wind
Gyre
circular ocean current that moves west at equator and east at above equator
Rain Shadows
precipitation decreases at leeward side of mountains
Monsoons
seasonal wind shifts causes by heating and cooling od large land masses
°C=1100 m from equator -?
-6
What biome is characterized by the physical and chemical environment?
aquatic
what type of biome is characterized by 200-400cm of rain per year. most productive and diverse
tropical rain forest
what type of biome is characterized by 30-50cm of rain per year.
Savannah
what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm of rain per year
Desert
what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm to 50 cm of rain per year
Chaparral
what type of biome is characterized by less than 30 cm to 100 cm of rain per year
Temperate grasslands
What do temperate grasslands need to thrive
burn
what type of biome is characterized by less than over 300 cm of rain per year
temperate rainforest
Aphotic Zone
little light penetration
Photic Zone
light penetrates to allow photosynthesis
Benthic Zone
Substrate bottom of a lake
Pelagic Zone
Open water zone of a lake
Littoral Zone
The photic zone near the shore of a lake
Limnetic Zone
Photic away from the shore of a lake
Intertidal Zone
area between high and low tide of the ocean
Neritic Zone
photic zone near the shore of the ocean
Oceanic Zone
photic zone away from shore
Abyssal Zone
deep aphotic zone (2,000-6,000)
Which season does layers form in lakes
winter and summer
mixing of water causes the flow of what
oxygen
What are the 3 types of freshwater biomes
lakes, streams and rivers, and wetlands
Aoligotrophic Lake
high mountain, lots of O2. little plant growth
Eutrophic Lake
low O2 due to decomp
Wetland
water saturated soil
Estuaries
transition between river and ocean
Intertidal Zone
shores
Coral Reef
sub tropical or tropical, calcium carbonate coral skeleton
Oceanic Pelagic zone
vast open blue water mixed by wind-driven currents
Marine Benthic Zone
Sea floor
What biome has a mild, seasonal climate with abundant precipitation (over 300cm a year)
Temperate Rainforest
What biome has a colder mean temperature with limited precipitation (30-70cm a year); characterized by conifers that have needle-like leaves that are adapted to the lack of water?
Northern Coniferous Forest
What biome has a very cold with very little precipitation (20-60cm a year); very few trees and has a layer of permafrost (soil ice that persists through all seasons)
Tundra
What biome warm temperatures with 200-400cm of rain per year; most productive and diverse ecosystem
tropical rainforest
What biome is characterized by tropical or subtropical grasslands with warm temperatures and highly seasonal rainfall (30-50cm a year); often transition ecosystem between rainforest and deserts
Savannah
What biome is characterized by highly variable temperature and rainfall is sparse (less than 30cm a year) and unpredictable; vegetation is sparse and survival depends on water conservation
Desert
What biome is characterized by cool in fall, winter, and spring and warmer in summer with highly seasonal precipitation (30-50cm a year)? Dominated by grasses, shrubs, and small trees
Chaparral
What biome is characterized as similar to savannas, but lower mean temperature with highly seasonal precipitation (30-100cm); prairies have rich soils and often need periodic fire to prosper?
Temperate Grasslands
What biome is characterized by mild, but seasonal climates (warm summers and cool winters) with plenty of rain (70-200cm a year); vegetation characterized by an abundance of deciduous trees?
Temperate Broad-Leaf Forest
