Chapter 53- The Reproductive System

Question 1

2 types of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

• fragmentation

- budding

Question 2

Oviparity

Answer 2

fertilized eggs are deposited outside mothers body to complete their development

Question 3

Ovoviviparity

Answer 3

fertilized eggs are kept within mother to complete development, young obtain food from egg yolk

Question 4

Viviparity

Answer 4

young develop within mother and obtain nourishment from her blood

Question 5

bony fish fertilization

Answer 5

external

Question 6

cartilaginous fish fertilization

Answer 6

internal

-viviparous

Question 7

amphibian fertilization

Answer 7

external

Question 8

fertilization in reptiles

Answer 8

internal

-amniotic egg

Question 9

Bird fertilization

Answer 9

internal

-amniotic egg

Question 10

menstration

Answer 10

females bleed when shedding inner lining of uterus

Question 11

momotremes

Answer 11

oviparous-lay eggs

Question 12

marsupials

Answer 12

viviparous

-give birth to incompletely developed fetus, matures in mothers pouch

Question 13

placentals

Answer 13

viviparous

-retain young in uterus for long period of development

Question 14

2 aspects of reproduction

Answer 14

1. production of gametes

2. transfer of sperm into female

Question 15

seminiferous tubules

Answer 15

sites of sperm production

Question 16

gamete production in males

Answer 16

• 2N spermatogonuim divides by mitosis to produce 2 diploid cells
• primary spermatocyte-diploid cell that begins meiosis, undergoes meiosis 1 to produce 2 haplod
• each secondary spermatociyte undergoes second meiosis to produce 2 spermatids
• spermatids differentiate into sperm

Question 17

Sperm Structure

Answer 17

• head-contains nucleus
• body-many mitochondria
• tail-flagellum

Question 18

Epididymis

Answer 18

sperm maturation site

Question 19

Semen

Answer 19

• mixture of seminal fluids and sperm

- made by seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

Question 20

Hormonal Control

Answer 20

• begins at puberty
• Hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH
• FSH stimulates ertoli cells to make sperm
• LH stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Question 21

Ovarian Follicles

Answer 21

• inside ovaries

- follicle contains a potential egg cell=primary oocyte and also granulosa cells

Question 22

Granulosa cells

Answer 22

• secrete estrogen at puberty

- triggers mentrual cycle

Question 23

Menstrual cycle

Answer 23

divided into follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

Question 24

Follicular phase

Answer 24

• FSH stimulates several follicles to grow
• onlyo ne achieves full maturity
• primary oocyte competes meiosis one
• secondary oocyte begins meiosis 2
• arrested in metaphase 2 until fertilized

Question 25

Ovulation

Answer 25

Stimulation by LH of follicle arrested in metaphase, released into fallopian tube

• if not fertilized, it disintigrates
• if fertilized, completes meiosis 2, makes ovum, makes zygote

Question 26

Luteal Phase

Answer 26

• LH stimulation transforms graafian follicle into corpus luteum
• corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone
• Exerts negative feedback on FSH and LH
• prepares embryo for implantation
• w/o fertilization, corpus luteum degenerates=menstration
• if fertilized, corpus luteum is maintained by hCG until placenta takes over