Chapter 47-The Musculoskeletal Systems Flashcards
1
Q
3 Types of Skeletal Systems
A
- Hydrostatic Skeletons
- Exoskeletons
- Endoskeletons
2
Q
Hydrostatic Skeletons
A
- soft body invertebrates
- fluid filled central cavity
3
Q
Exoskeletons
A
- surrounds body as rigid hard case
- composed of chitin in arthropods
- periodically shed (molting)
- found in arthropods
4
Q
Endoskeletons
A
- form bodys framework for support and offer surfaces for muscle attachment
- echinoderms have calcite skeletons in skin
- vertebrates have skeleton within body wall
- unlike chitin, bone and cartilage are living tissue
5
Q
Bone
A
- unique to vertebrates
- hard connective tissue
- composed of cells
6
Q
osteoblasts
A
bone making cells-synthesize collagen and enzymes needed tomake the matrix
7
Q
osteocytes
A
bone maintaining cells
8
Q
osteoclasts
A
cells that break down bone tissue
9
Q
Bone structure
A
- compact bone-outer dense layer
- medullary bone-lines internal cavity
- spongy bone-forms epiphyses inside a thick shell of compact bone
- bones retain internal blood vessels
10
Q
Joints
A
-locations where one bone meets another, cartilage and fluid
11
Q
4 basic movement patterns of joints
A
- ball and socket joints-movement in all directions
- hinge joints-allow movement in only 1 plane
- gliding joints-permit sliding of one surface over another
- combination joints-movement characteristics of 2 or more joint types
12
Q
Periosteum
A
tendon attaches to this on bones and to muscles
13
Q
Origin vs. Insertion
A
- origin=stationary during contraction
- insertion=attached to a bone that moves when muscle moves
14
Q
Sarcolemma
A
- skeletal muscle cell
- cell membrane, contains acetylcholine receptors
15
Q
T-tubules
A
- skeletal muscle cells
- connect sarcolemma with sarcoplasmic reticulum
