Chapter 36- Plant Form Flashcards
What does a vascular plant consist of?
a root system
a shoot system
What is a root system
- anchors the plant
- absorbs water and ions
- transport, storage, aeration
What is a shoot system
- consists of supporting stems, photosynthetic, leaves, and reproductive flowers
- unit consists of internode, node, leaf, and acillary bud
- transport, storage, aeration
what are the 3 basic tissue types
- dermal-outer protective cover
- ground-function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion
- vascular-conducts fluids and dissolved substances (xylem and phloem)
What is primary plant growth
increase in the length of a plant, all plants have this
what is secondary plant growth
increase in the width of a plant, only occurs in woody plants
what does plant growth consist of
- increase in cell number
- increase in cell size
- cell differentiation from generalized to specialized cells
Meristems
sites of mitotic cell division in plants
Apical Meristems
Located at tips of stems and roots
-give rise to primary tissues which are called primary plant body
Lateral Meristems
Found in plants that exhibit secondary growth
- give rise to secondary tissues
- produces secondary vascular tissues-secondary xylem becomes wood and bark
Dermal tissue
2 types, epidermis and periderm
What is the epidermis
outer protective covering of plant
- makes up cuticle (waxy layer on plant)
- made up of guard cells, trichomes, and root hairs
What are guard cells
part of the epidermis of plants
-paired sausage shaped cells, epidermal opening, passageway for oxygen co2 and h2o
what are trichomes
cellular or multicellular hairlike growths from the epidermis
-reduce evaporation
what are root hairs
increase roots surface area and efficiency of absorption (epidermis cell)
what are the 3 types of ground tissue
- parenchyma-function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion
- collenchyma-provide support and protection, allow bening w/o breaking
- sclerenchyma-provide support and protection, die at maturity
what tissue is used for water and inorganic ion transport?
xylem
What is the principle food conducting tissue in plants?
phloem
what are the 4 regions of roots?
root cap
zone of cell division
zone of cell elongation
zone of cell maturation
what is the root cap
functions mainly in protection of the delicate tissues behind it
-also in perception of gravity
What is the zone of cell division
derived from rapid divisions of the root apical meristem
Zone of elongation
roots lengthen because cells become several times longer than wide
Zone of maturation
elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types
Monocot roots?
have epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericucle, vasuclar tissue, and pith
- example corn
- arranged in a circle around the root
Dicot roots
lack pericycle and pith. arranged differently than monocot roots
-example=beans
3 modified roots
prop roots-keep plant upright
aerial roots-obtain water from air
food storage roots-store carbohydrates
What is the major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems
organization of the vascular tissue system
Monocot vascular arrangement?
scattered throughout ground tissue system
eudicot vascular arrangement?
arranged in a ring with internal ground tissue and external ground tissue
is there secondary growth in monocots?
no, a vascular cambium develops between the primary xylem and phloem in eudicots but not monocots
what is vascular cambium
divides and gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem
what are axillary buds
develops into branches with leaves or may form flowers
leaves
organs of photosynthesis
expand by cell division and enlargement
growth stops at maturity
what differentiates eudicot and monocot leaves
2 types of mesophyll
-palisade-2 rows of chlorenchyma cells
-spongy-loosely arranged cells with many spaces
mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade/spongy layers
