Chapter 35- Vertebrates Flashcards
What are chordates (phylum chordata)
deuterostome coelomates
-fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
4 characteristic of chordates?
- ) nerve chord
- notochord-solid, cartilaginous rod for support
- -may be replaced by vertebral column - )Paryngeal slits
- present in all embryo - )Postanal tail
What are the three subphyla of chordates
Urocordata (invertebrates)
Cephalochordata (invertebrates)
Vertebrata
What makes up subphylum Urochordata
tunicates and salps
- notochord and nerve chord in larvae
- immobile filter feeders in adults
What is in subphylum cephalochordata
lancelets
-notochord throughout animals life
-spend time partly burried
plankton feeders
Characteristics of Vertebrates?
Chordates with a vertebral column
- distinguished by nonvertebrates by vertebral column (protects dorsal nerve chord)
- head w/sensory organs
- endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone
What are some characteristics of fishes
vertebral column
- jaws and paired appendages
- internal gills
What is class myxini a part of
Jawless fish
-have notochord
hagfishes-marine scavengers
what is class cephalaspidomorphi
lamprey eels
- jawless fish
- notochord
- mostly fresh water
What is in class Chondrichthyes
Sharks, skates rays
What makes chondrichthyes special
cartilages skeleton calcified with calcium carbonate
- light, strong skeleton
- paired fins
What were the first vertebrates to develop teeth?
sharks
-evolved from rough scales on mouths skin
What do bony fishes and sharks have that is an evolutionary advantage?
Fully developed lateral line system
-series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves
What makes a bony fish a bondy fish?
heavy internal skeleton made completely of bone
-adaptations of swim bladder (sac that allows from regulation of bouyancy) and gill cover(hard plate that covers gils)
What are in class actinopterygii
bony fishes
-ray finned fishes
parallel bony rays support and stiffen each fin
What are 5 distinguishing amphibian features
- legs
- lungs-gas exchange with atmosphere (insufficient)
- cutaneous respiration-gas exchange through moist skin
- pulmonary veins-allows higher blood pressure to tissues
- partially divided heart
What are direct descendants of fishes
amphibians, first vertebrates to walk on land
what are some challenges of moving to land
legs to support weight
lungs to get ovygen from air
need to drive larger muscles
What is in order anura?
frogs and toads
- smooth moist skin and long legs-water
- toads have bumpy dry skin and short legs-dry land
What is in order caudata
salamanders
Class reptila
terrestrial organisms
what are 3 key features of reptiles
- amniotic eggs-watertight
- dry skin, which covers body and prevents water loss
- thoracic breathing, which increases lung capacity
what are amniotic eggs?
4 membrane eggs
what are two important characteristics modern reptiles have developed?
Internal fertilixation
Improved circulation
