Chapter 35- Vertebrates Flashcards
What are chordates (phylum chordata)
deuterostome coelomates
-fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
4 characteristic of chordates?
- ) nerve chord
- notochord-solid, cartilaginous rod for support
- -may be replaced by vertebral column - )Paryngeal slits
- present in all embryo - )Postanal tail
What are the three subphyla of chordates
Urocordata (invertebrates)
Cephalochordata (invertebrates)
Vertebrata
What makes up subphylum Urochordata
tunicates and salps
- notochord and nerve chord in larvae
- immobile filter feeders in adults
What is in subphylum cephalochordata
lancelets
-notochord throughout animals life
-spend time partly burried
plankton feeders
Characteristics of Vertebrates?
Chordates with a vertebral column
- distinguished by nonvertebrates by vertebral column (protects dorsal nerve chord)
- head w/sensory organs
- endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone
What are some characteristics of fishes
vertebral column
- jaws and paired appendages
- internal gills
What is class myxini a part of
Jawless fish
-have notochord
hagfishes-marine scavengers
what is class cephalaspidomorphi
lamprey eels
- jawless fish
- notochord
- mostly fresh water
What is in class Chondrichthyes
Sharks, skates rays
What makes chondrichthyes special
cartilages skeleton calcified with calcium carbonate
- light, strong skeleton
- paired fins
What were the first vertebrates to develop teeth?
sharks
-evolved from rough scales on mouths skin
What do bony fishes and sharks have that is an evolutionary advantage?
Fully developed lateral line system
-series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves
What makes a bony fish a bondy fish?
heavy internal skeleton made completely of bone
-adaptations of swim bladder (sac that allows from regulation of bouyancy) and gill cover(hard plate that covers gils)
What are in class actinopterygii
bony fishes
-ray finned fishes
parallel bony rays support and stiffen each fin
What are 5 distinguishing amphibian features
- legs
- lungs-gas exchange with atmosphere (insufficient)
- cutaneous respiration-gas exchange through moist skin
- pulmonary veins-allows higher blood pressure to tissues
- partially divided heart
What are direct descendants of fishes
amphibians, first vertebrates to walk on land
what are some challenges of moving to land
legs to support weight
lungs to get ovygen from air
need to drive larger muscles
What is in order anura?
frogs and toads
- smooth moist skin and long legs-water
- toads have bumpy dry skin and short legs-dry land
What is in order caudata
salamanders
Class reptila
terrestrial organisms
what are 3 key features of reptiles
- amniotic eggs-watertight
- dry skin, which covers body and prevents water loss
- thoracic breathing, which increases lung capacity
what are amniotic eggs?
4 membrane eggs
what are two important characteristics modern reptiles have developed?
Internal fertilixation
Improved circulation
what does it mean to be extothermic and who is
All living reptiles are
- obtain heat from external sources
- regulate body temp by moving in and out of sunlight
what are chelonia
turtles and toroises
-differ from all other reptiles because of shells
What are in order Rhynchocephalia
- large lizard like animals
- only found on islands near new zealand
what are in order squamata
snakes and lizards
-presence of paired copulatory organs in male
what is in order crocodylia
crocodiles and alligators
- crocodiles are nocturnal and in tropical regions
- bodies are well adapted to stealth hunting
Class aves
birds
- success lies in feathers (unique)
- birds and mammals are endotherms (regulate + generate body temperatures from internal metabolism)
What are 2 major distinguishing traits of birds
feathers
flight skeleton
-bones are thin and hollow
4 major mammalian traits
- hair
- mammary gland (females, for secreting milk)
- muscular diaphragm-for breathing
- differentiated teeth-specialized teeth
what are the only mammals capable of flying?
bats
-wing is a leathery membrane of skin and muscle
what are monotremes
lay shelled eggs
-single opening for feces, urine and reproduction
What are marsupials
live young born in pouches
-after birth crawls into pouch and continues to develop
what are placental mammals
produce a true placenta that nourishes embryo throughout its development
-young undergo a considerable period of development before being born
