Chapter 35- Vertebrates

Question 1

What are chordates (phylum chordata)

Answer 1

deuterostome coelomates

-fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Question 2

4 characteristic of chordates?

Answer 2

1. ) nerve chord
   - notochord-solid, cartilaginous rod for support
   - -may be replaced by vertebral column
2. )Paryngeal slits
   - present in all embryo
3. )Postanal tail

Question 3

What are the three subphyla of chordates

Answer 3

Urocordata (invertebrates)
Cephalochordata (invertebrates)
Vertebrata

Question 4

What makes up subphylum Urochordata

Answer 4

tunicates and salps

• notochord and nerve chord in larvae
• immobile filter feeders in adults

Question 5

What is in subphylum cephalochordata

Answer 5

lancelets
-notochord throughout animals life
-spend time partly burried
plankton feeders

Question 6

Characteristics of Vertebrates?

Answer 6

Chordates with a vertebral column

• distinguished by nonvertebrates by vertebral column (protects dorsal nerve chord)
• head w/sensory organs
• endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone

Question 7

What are some characteristics of fishes

Answer 7

vertebral column

• jaws and paired appendages
• internal gills

Question 8

What is class myxini a part of

Answer 8

Jawless fish
-have notochord
hagfishes-marine scavengers

Question 9

what is class cephalaspidomorphi

Answer 9

lamprey eels

• jawless fish
• notochord
• mostly fresh water

Question 10

What is in class Chondrichthyes

Answer 10

Sharks, skates rays

Question 11

What makes chondrichthyes special

Answer 11

cartilages skeleton calcified with calcium carbonate

• light, strong skeleton
• paired fins

Question 12

What were the first vertebrates to develop teeth?

Answer 12

sharks

-evolved from rough scales on mouths skin

Question 13

What do bony fishes and sharks have that is an evolutionary advantage?

Answer 13

Fully developed lateral line system

-series of sensory organs under the skin that detects changes in pressure waves

Question 14

What makes a bony fish a bondy fish?

Answer 14

heavy internal skeleton made completely of bone

-adaptations of swim bladder (sac that allows from regulation of bouyancy) and gill cover(hard plate that covers gils)

Question 15

What are in class actinopterygii

Answer 15

bony fishes
-ray finned fishes
parallel bony rays support and stiffen each fin

Question 16

What are 5 distinguishing amphibian features

Answer 16

1. legs
2. lungs-gas exchange with atmosphere (insufficient)
3. cutaneous respiration-gas exchange through moist skin
4. pulmonary veins-allows higher blood pressure to tissues
5. partially divided heart

Question 17

What are direct descendants of fishes

Answer 17

amphibians, first vertebrates to walk on land

Question 18

what are some challenges of moving to land

Answer 18

legs to support weight
lungs to get ovygen from air
need to drive larger muscles

Question 19

What is in order anura?

Answer 19

frogs and toads

• smooth moist skin and long legs-water
• toads have bumpy dry skin and short legs-dry land

Question 20

What is in order caudata

Answer 20

salamanders

Question 21

Class reptila

Answer 21

terrestrial organisms

Question 22

what are 3 key features of reptiles

Answer 22

1. amniotic eggs-watertight
2. dry skin, which covers body and prevents water loss
3. thoracic breathing, which increases lung capacity

Question 23

what are amniotic eggs?

Answer 23

4 membrane eggs

Question 24

what are two important characteristics modern reptiles have developed?

Answer 24

Internal fertilixation

Improved circulation

Question 25

what does it mean to be extothermic and who is

Answer 25

All living reptiles are

• obtain heat from external sources
• regulate body temp by moving in and out of sunlight

Question 26

what are chelonia

Answer 26

turtles and toroises

-differ from all other reptiles because of shells

Question 27

What are in order Rhynchocephalia

Answer 27

• large lizard like animals

- only found on islands near new zealand

Question 28

what are in order squamata

Answer 28

snakes and lizards

-presence of paired copulatory organs in male

Question 29

what is in order crocodylia

Answer 29

crocodiles and alligators

• crocodiles are nocturnal and in tropical regions
• bodies are well adapted to stealth hunting

Question 30

Class aves

Answer 30

birds

• success lies in feathers (unique)
• birds and mammals are endotherms (regulate + generate body temperatures from internal metabolism)

Question 31

What are 2 major distinguishing traits of birds

Answer 31

feathers
flight skeleton
-bones are thin and hollow

Question 32

4 major mammalian traits

Answer 32

1. hair
2. mammary gland (females, for secreting milk)
3. muscular diaphragm-for breathing
4. differentiated teeth-specialized teeth

Question 33

what are the only mammals capable of flying?

Answer 33

bats

-wing is a leathery membrane of skin and muscle

Question 34

what are monotremes

Answer 34

lay shelled eggs

-single opening for feces, urine and reproduction

Question 35

What are marsupials

Answer 35

live young born in pouches

-after birth crawls into pouch and continues to develop

Question 36

what are placental mammals

Answer 36

produce a true placenta that nourishes embryo throughout its development
-young undergo a considerable period of development before being born