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Biology II > Chapter 29-Protists > Flashcards

Chapter 29-Protists Flashcards

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1
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

A
  1. )Internal Membrane
  2. )Compartmentalization
  3. )Cytoskeleton
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2
Q

7 Groups of Protists

A
  1. )Diplomonads, Parabasalids
  2. )Euglenozoa
  3. )Alveolata
  4. )Stramenopila
  5. )Rhodophyta
  6. )Chlorophyta
  7. )Choanoflagellida
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3
Q

What are Pseudopods

  • lobopods
  • fliopods
  • axopods
A

“False feet”
Lobopods-large,blunt
filopods-thin,branching
axopods-thin,long

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4
Q

Differences btwn Cilia+Flagella

A

Flagella=1 or more

Cilia=shorter and more numerous

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5
Q

What is a Photoautotroph

A

Photosynthetic organism

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6
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph

A

Organism who ingests food

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7
Q

What is a mixotroph

A

Organism that is both phototrophic and chemoheterotrophic

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8
Q

What mode of Reproduction do ALL protists have

  • Budding
  • Binary Fission
  • Schizogany
A

Asexual

  • One daughter cell smaller
  • equal size daughter cells
  • cell division preceded by several nuclear divisions:multiple daughter cells
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9
Q

Do protists sexually reproduce?

A

Yes. Meiosis to produce haploid gametes/spores

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10
Q

are diplomonads multi or single celled

A

unicellular

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11
Q

How do diplomonads move

A

flagella

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12
Q

Do diplomonads have mitochodria

A

Yes-but degenerate

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13
Q

Where are parabasalids found/why

A

Termite guts because they have cellulose degrading bacteria

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14
Q

What group of protists cause stds

A

Parabasalids

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15
Q

What type of locomotion do Parabasalids use

A

Flagella and undulating membrane

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16
Q

What group contain Mitochondria

A

Euglenozoa

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17
Q

What group is both heterotrophic (in the dark) and autotrophic

A

Euglenozoa

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18
Q

What mode of reproduction do Euglenozoa have

A

Asexual

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19
Q

What are the 2 groups of Euglenozoa

A

Euglena

Kinetoplastids

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20
Q

What type of movement do Euglena have

A

2 anterior and unequal flagella

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21
Q

Describe some characteristics of Euglena

A

Have contractile vacuoles for excess water
Move towards light
Numerous small chloroplasts from green algae

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22
Q

What are the Kinetoplastids named after, and why are they unique

A

Their single unique mitochondria

-has 2 types of DNA, maxicircles and Minicircles

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23
Q

In Kinetoplastids, what causes human diseases+ name them

A

Trypanosomes

  • African Sleeping Sickness
  • chagas disease-contact w/infected animal blood
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24
Q

Why are trypanosomes hard to control

A

repeatedly change protective coat

25
Q

What are unique to Group Alveolata

A

Flattened vesicles called alveoli under cell membrane

26
Q

3 subgroups in Alveolata

A

Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates

27
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Photosynthetic, unicellular w/flagella
Live in aquatic environments
Can be luminescent

28
Q

what makes red tide+what is it

A

Dinoflagellates

blooms of dinoflagellate, toxic to marine mammals + fish/birds

29
Q

What protists do not have histones

A

Dinoflagellates

30
Q

What are apicomplexans

A

Subgroup of Alveolata

Spore forming animal parasites

31
Q

What is the apical complex and what group does it pertain too

A

A unique arrangement of organelles at one end of the cell

-enables cell to invade its host

32
Q

What is the cause of malaria

A

Apicomplexans

-Plasmodium invades cell

33
Q

What are unique to ciliates

A

Large numbers of cilia arranged in longitudinal rows or spirals around the cell

34
Q

Ciliate Nuclei

A

Micronucleus-Regulates conjugation

Macronucleus-essential for normal functions

35
Q

How many vacuoles do ciliates have

A

2-

  • Food vacuoles
  • Contractile vacuoles=regulation of water balance
36
Q

Conjugation

A

Only different mating types can conjugate

-involves meiosis of micronuclei, mitosis, and exchange of micronuclei

37
Q

What group are brown algae, diatoms, and oomycetes in

A

Stramenopila

38
Q

Stramenopila are defined by what?

A

Very fine hairs on their flagella

39
Q

Describe Brown Algae

A 
Stramenopila
Large, multicellular
Photosynthetic
Includes largest protists
haploid + diploid portions of life cycle
40
Q

Brown algae life cycle

A

Alteration of gen.

2n sporophyte–1n gametophyte

41
Q

Describe how kelp form

A

2n sporophyte cells go through meiosis to produce 1n spores. spores germinate and do mitosis to produce kelps

42
Q

What protist has unique double shells made of cilia

A

Diatoms

43
Q

Describe Diatoms

A

Stramenopila
Photosynthetic, unicellular organism
Use raphes-2 long grooves lined with vibrating fibrils

44
Q

What causes blights to potatos

A

Oomycetes

45
Q

Name some info about Oomycetes

A 
Parasitic or saprobes
once consider fungi
Motile zoospores produced asexually
Sexual reproduction
water/land
46
Q

What group are red algae in

A

Rhodophyta

47
Q

What do Rhodophyta lack

A

Flagella and centrioles

48
Q

2 groups of Amoebas

A

Rhizopoda-True amoebas

Actinopoda-other amoebas

49
Q

How do Rhizopoda move

A

Cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods

50
Q

2 characteristics of Actinopods

A

Glassy exoskeletons made of silica

Needlelike pseudopods

51
Q

What are Foraminifera

A

Heterotrophic Marine Protists

52
Q

How do Foraminifera move

A

Thin Podia extend through their shells (called tests), use them for feeding and swimming

53
Q

What make the greates amount of sea deposits

A

Foraminifera because of their limestone rich shells

54
Q

2 Lineages of Slime Molds

A

Plasmodial Slime Molds

Cellular Slime Molds

55
Q

Describe Plamodial Slime Molds

A

Huge, colorful masses of streaming cytoplasm consisting of multinucleate cells

56
Q

Cellular Slime Molds exist as what

A

Single cells which can combine and differentiate an certain times

57
Q

What happens to plasmodial slime molds when food/moisture is scarce

A

Organsim forms sporangia, where spores are produced

58
Q

What happens to cellular slime molds when food is scarce

A

aggregate with other slimes to form a slug

-Slug differentiates into a sorocarp that produces spores which germinate when conditions are right

Biology II (28 decks)

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