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Biology II > Chapter 29-Protists > Flashcards

Chapter 29-Protists Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

A
  1. )Internal Membrane
  2. )Compartmentalization
  3. )Cytoskeleton
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2
Q

7 Groups of Protists

A
  1. )Diplomonads, Parabasalids
  2. )Euglenozoa
  3. )Alveolata
  4. )Stramenopila
  5. )Rhodophyta
  6. )Chlorophyta
  7. )Choanoflagellida
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3
Q

What are Pseudopods

  • lobopods
  • fliopods
  • axopods
A

“False feet”
Lobopods-large,blunt
filopods-thin,branching
axopods-thin,long

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4
Q

Differences btwn Cilia+Flagella

A

Flagella=1 or more

Cilia=shorter and more numerous

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5
Q

What is a Photoautotroph

A

Photosynthetic organism

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6
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph

A

Organism who ingests food

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7
Q

What is a mixotroph

A

Organism that is both phototrophic and chemoheterotrophic

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8
Q

What mode of Reproduction do ALL protists have

  • Budding
  • Binary Fission
  • Schizogany
A

Asexual

  • One daughter cell smaller
  • equal size daughter cells
  • cell division preceded by several nuclear divisions:multiple daughter cells
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9
Q

Do protists sexually reproduce?

A

Yes. Meiosis to produce haploid gametes/spores

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10
Q

are diplomonads multi or single celled

A

unicellular

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11
Q

How do diplomonads move

A

flagella

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12
Q

Do diplomonads have mitochodria

A

Yes-but degenerate

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13
Q

Where are parabasalids found/why

A

Termite guts because they have cellulose degrading bacteria

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14
Q

What group of protists cause stds

A

Parabasalids

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15
Q

What type of locomotion do Parabasalids use

A

Flagella and undulating membrane

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16
Q

What group contain Mitochondria

A

Euglenozoa

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17
Q

What group is both heterotrophic (in the dark) and autotrophic

A

Euglenozoa

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18
Q

What mode of reproduction do Euglenozoa have

A

Asexual

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19
Q

What are the 2 groups of Euglenozoa

A

Euglena

Kinetoplastids

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20
Q

What type of movement do Euglena have

A

2 anterior and unequal flagella

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21
Q

Describe some characteristics of Euglena

A

Have contractile vacuoles for excess water
Move towards light
Numerous small chloroplasts from green algae

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22
Q

What are the Kinetoplastids named after, and why are they unique

A

Their single unique mitochondria

-has 2 types of DNA, maxicircles and Minicircles

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23
Q

In Kinetoplastids, what causes human diseases+ name them

A

Trypanosomes

  • African Sleeping Sickness
  • chagas disease-contact w/infected animal blood
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24
Q

Why are trypanosomes hard to control

A

repeatedly change protective coat

25
What are unique to Group Alveolata
Flattened vesicles called alveoli under cell membrane
26
3 subgroups in Alveolata
Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates
27
Dinoflagellates
Photosynthetic, unicellular w/flagella Live in aquatic environments Can be luminescent
28
what makes red tide+what is it
Dinoflagellates | blooms of dinoflagellate, toxic to marine mammals + fish/birds
29
What protists do not have histones
Dinoflagellates
30
What are apicomplexans
Subgroup of Alveolata | Spore forming animal parasites
31
What is the apical complex and what group does it pertain too
A unique arrangement of organelles at one end of the cell | -enables cell to invade its host
32
What is the cause of malaria
Apicomplexans | -Plasmodium invades cell
33
What are unique to ciliates
Large numbers of cilia arranged in longitudinal rows or spirals around the cell
34
Ciliate Nuclei
Micronucleus-Regulates conjugation | Macronucleus-essential for normal functions
35
How many vacuoles do ciliates have
2- - Food vacuoles - Contractile vacuoles=regulation of water balance
36
Conjugation
Only different mating types can conjugate | -involves meiosis of micronuclei, mitosis, and exchange of micronuclei
37
What group are brown algae, diatoms, and oomycetes in
Stramenopila
38
Stramenopila are defined by what?
Very fine hairs on their flagella
39
Describe Brown Algae
``` Stramenopila Large, multicellular Photosynthetic Includes largest protists haploid + diploid portions of life cycle ```
40
Brown algae life cycle
Alteration of gen. | 2n sporophyte--1n gametophyte
41
Describe how kelp form
2n sporophyte cells go through meiosis to produce 1n spores. spores germinate and do mitosis to produce kelps
42
What protist has unique double shells made of cilia
Diatoms
43
Describe Diatoms
Stramenopila Photosynthetic, unicellular organism Use raphes-2 long grooves lined with vibrating fibrils
44
What causes blights to potatos
Oomycetes
45
Name some info about Oomycetes
``` Parasitic or saprobes once consider fungi Motile zoospores produced asexually Sexual reproduction water/land ```
46
What group are red algae in
Rhodophyta
47
What do Rhodophyta lack
Flagella and centrioles
48
2 groups of Amoebas
Rhizopoda-True amoebas | Actinopoda-other amoebas
49
How do Rhizopoda move
Cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods
50
2 characteristics of Actinopods
Glassy exoskeletons made of silica | Needlelike pseudopods
51
What are Foraminifera
Heterotrophic Marine Protists
52
How do Foraminifera move
Thin Podia extend through their shells (called tests), use them for feeding and swimming
53
What make the greates amount of sea deposits
Foraminifera because of their limestone rich shells
54
2 Lineages of Slime Molds
Plasmodial Slime Molds | Cellular Slime Molds
55
Describe Plamodial Slime Molds
Huge, colorful masses of streaming cytoplasm consisting of multinucleate cells
56
Cellular Slime Molds exist as what
Single cells which can combine and differentiate an certain times
57
What happens to plasmodial slime molds when food/moisture is scarce
Organsim forms sporangia, where spores are produced
58
What happens to cellular slime molds when food is scarce
aggregate with other slimes to form a slug | -Slug differentiates into a sorocarp that produces spores which germinate when conditions are right

Biology II (28 decks)

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