Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology II > Chapter 31- Fungi > Flashcards

Chapter 31- Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, Chemoheterotrophs that absorb (rather than ingest) nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does chemoheterotrophic mean?

A

Organisms who use organic forms of carbon as both an energy source and carbon source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many species of Fungi are there

A

as many as 1.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Whats the largest organism on earth

A

A fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much of the worlds biomass is fungi

A

25%-33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much do we depend on fungi

A

Make up about 1/2 composition on our planet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do Fungi get food

A

Secrete enzymes on organic material

-Chemical digestion takes place outside of the fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Saprobe/saprophyte

A

A fungus that digests dead organic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fungal cells are diploid or haploid?

A

Haploid-contain only 1 of each chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are fungal cell walls made of?

A

Mannan or Chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are unicellular Fungal called

A

Yeasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mycelial fungi are what?

A

Multicellular fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mycelial cells are what type/called what

A

They are elongated, fliamentous in shape; called hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two types of Hyphae

A

Coenocytic Hyphae-multinucleate hyphae (non septate hyphae)

Septate Hyphae-porous partitions called septa, separate nuclei and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Mycelium

A

Mass of fungal hyphae in multicellular fungus

-equivalent to fungal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 types of Asexual Reproduction

A
  1. ) Unicellular-Budding or Binary Fission
  2. )Fragmentation-Breaking off into two or more pieces
  3. )Spore Formation-Occurs at tips of specialized hyphae or within Sporangia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the most common means of reproduction among fungi

A

Spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do Asexual Spores Form

A

1N Spore Mother cells undergo mitotic cell division to produce 2, 1N asexual spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the tips of hyphae called in Fungi Sexual Reproduction

A

Gametangia (1N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do Gametangia do

A

They are the tips of hyphae in Fungi that fuse with opposite mating types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Conjugation?

A

The process of gametangia growing towards each other and fusing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the zygote and what are the 2 types?

A

The zygote is the product of conjugation

  • can immediately be a diploid cell
  • can go through a dikaryon (1N + 1N) stage before parental nuclei form a diploid nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does the Fruiting body in Fungi form?

A

The diploid or dikaryon zygote undergoes mitosis to produce it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 7 Fungi phyla?

A
  1. ) Microsporidia
  2. )Blastocladiomycota
  3. )Neocallismastigamycota
  4. )Chytridiomycota
  5. )Glomeromycota
  6. )Basidiomycota
  7. )Ascomycota
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Are fungi Monophyletic?
Yes
26
Which phyla are animal parasites?
Microsporidia
27
Do Microsporidia contain Mitochondria?
No
28
A few characteristics of Chytridiomycota?
Aquatic, flagellated fungi Motile zoospores have been implicated in amphibian die off
29
Which phylum is not monophyletic?
Zygomycota
30
What are Zygomycetes?
Common bread molds, a few human pathogens, some plant pathogens, most are saprobes
31
Which form of reproduction is most common in Zygomycetes?
Asexual-Sporangiophores have asexual 1N sporangia that release 1N spores
32
Steps of Zygomycete Sexual Reproduction
- Fusion of 1N gametangia at tips of hyphae - Haploid Nuclei fuse to form dikaryotic zygote nuclei - Develops into 2N zygosporangium in which zygospore develops - Meiosis occurs during germination of zygospore and it releases 1N zygospores
33
What Phyla contains the largest percentage of Fungi?
Ascomycota-75%
34
What type of fungi are in Phylum Ascomycota
Bread yeasts, common molds, cup fungi, truffles, and morels
35
What Fungi phylum produces Penicillin?
Ascomycota
36
What is the Phylum Ascomycota named for?
The ascus- a microscopic, saclike reproductive structure within the fruiting body
37
What is an ascocarp
The fruiting body of an Ascomycete
38
What type of Hyphae do Ascomycetes have?
Septate Hyphae
39
What is Karyogamy
The fusion of 1N (dikaryotic) nuclei after conjugation
40
What are conidia
Condidia appear in Ascomycetes - Allow for asexual reproduction - they are spore like structures formed at the ends of modified hyphae called conidiophores
41
What Phyla are Yeasts in
They are unicellular ascomycetes
42
How do Yeasts reprdouce
Asexually by budding
43
What are Basidiomycetes
Phylum Basidiomycota - Most familiar fungi-mushrooms, toadstools, shelf fungi - most are saprobes
44
What type of Hyphae do Basidiomycetes have
Septate
45
What is the phylum Basidiomycota named for
The basidium-a club shaped sexual reproductive structure in basidiocarp -karyogami occurs here to form spore mother cell
46
How are basidiospores formed
Karyogami occurs within basidium to form 2N mother cell | -Meiosis follows and produces 4 1N products that become basidiospores
47
What are Mushrooms (basidiocarps) made of
formed entirely of secondary mycelium | -formed from basidiospores after they make a primary mycelium
48
What is another important role (besides decomposition) that fungi play
they recycle important elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous
49
Obligate vs. Facultative symbiosis
Obligate-essential for fungus survival | Facultative-nonessential
50
Parasites
Cause harm to hosts without causing disease
51
What is a Lichen
Symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner -cyanobacteria, green algae
52
What Phyla makes up most of the Lichens
Ascomycota
53
Benefits of Lichens
Protect their partners from strong light and desiccation | -play role in soil formation from rock
54
Endophytic Fungi?
Live in intercellular spaces inside plants - some parasitic, some commensalistic - some protect their hosts from herbivores by producing toxins
55
What are Mycorrhizae?
Mutualistic relationships between fungi and plants (with root system) Found on 90% of all vascular plant roots
56
Benefits of Mycorrhizae?
Increase soil contact and absorption for plant
57
What are Ectomycorrhizae
Fungal root partners - most hosts are forest trees - Hyphae surround but do not penetrate the root cells
58
What Phylum is associated with Ectomycorrhizae?
Basidiomycota
59
What negative effects do Fungi have on plants
They can be parasitic or Pathogenic | -May secrete substances making food carcinogenic, unpalatable, or poisonous
60
Why are fungul diseases difficult to treat
Because of the close phylogenetic relationship between fungi and animals
61
4 Positive aspects of Fungi
1. ) Decomposition 2. )Food source 3. )Source of antibiotics 4. )Fermentation by yeasts

Biology II (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions