Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology II > Chapter 50-The Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 50-The Circulatory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the Circulatory System

A
  1. transport-gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, antimicrobial cells and proteins
  2. Body defense against pathogenic microorgansims
  3. Thermoregulation-helps regulate body tempurature
  4. Osmoregulation-helps regulate body fluids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of circulatory system

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of circulatory systems

A

closed-excpet for injury, whole blood does not leave blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Open

A

at times, in certain places, whole blood leaves vessels and contacts tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood

A

type of connective tissue composed

  • fluid matrix called plasma
  • formed elements (cells and cell fragments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plasma proteins

A
  • albumin (7%)
  • Globulins (38%)
  • fibrinogens (7%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Other solutes in blood

A
  • electrolytes
  • nutrients
  • gases
  • regulatory substances
  • waste products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do blood cells and cell fragments develop from

A

red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hematopoeisis

A

blood cell production

  • produces lymphoid stem cell-lymphocytes
  • produces myeloid stem cell-all other blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hemaglobin

A

in red blood cells of vertebrates, binds to and transports oxygen and sometimes CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

  • larger than erythrocytes, have nuclei
  • protect against foreign microorganisms and materials; protection against cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Platelets

A

cell fragments that pinch off from larger cells in the one marrow
-function in the formation of blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sponge circulatory system

A

circulate water using many incurrent pores and one excurrent one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydra circulatory system

A

circulate water through a gastrovascular cavity (also for digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nematode circulatory system

A

digestive tract can also be used as a circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Invertebrate circulatory system

A

directly related to sixe, complexity, and lifestyle of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemolymph

A

in an open circulatory system, no distinction between circulating and extracellular fluid. Fluid-hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fish have how many heart chambers

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

amphibian circulatory system

A

double circulation (second pumping circuit)

  • pulmonary and systemic circulation, similary to mammals
  • 3 chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle)
  • additional oxygen through skin
  • incomplete separation of systemic and pulmonary systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vertebrate circulatory systems

A

Mammals, birds, and crocodilians

-4 chambered heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Right side of the vertebrate heart

A

reveices deoxygentated blood from the body and delivers it to the right venrtrivle, which pumps it to the lungs

23
Q

Left side of the vertebrate hearts

A

left atrium receives oxygentated blood form the lungs and delivers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it through aorta to rest of the body

24
Q

Edocardium

A

lines chambers, edothelial tissue mostly

25
Q

myocardium

A

middle, cardiac muscle layer

26
Q

epicardium

A

outside of heart, connnective tissue and other

27
Q

pericardium

A

tissue that surrounds heart for protection

28
Q

tricuspid valve

A

prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle into atria

29
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

prevents backflow from left ventricle into left atria

30
Q

Pulmonary (semilunar) valve

A

prevents backflow from pulmonary artery into right ventricle

31
Q

Aortic (semilunar) valve

A

prevents backflow from aorta into left ventricle

32
Q

Diastole

A

ventricles relaxed and filling

33
Q

systole

A

ventricles contracted and pumping

34
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA)

A

located in wall of right atrium

-SA node acts as pacemaker, initiates an action potential which will cause cardiac muscle to contract

35
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

-measures hearts electrical activity

36
Q

arteries

A

carry oxygen rich blood to rest of body

-exception=pulmonary artery

37
Q

veins

A

carry oxygen depleted blood to lungs/heart

-exception=pulmonary veins

38
Q

steps of circulation

A
  1. deoxygentated blood enters right atria through vena cavas
  2. right atria pumps blood to right ventricle
    3 right ventricle pumps blood to lungs through pulmonary artery
  3. returned to left atria through pulmonary veins
  4. oxygentated blood is then pumped to left ventricle, enters body through aorta
39
Q

blood pressure

A

force of blood/walls of blood vessels, written as a ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure

40
Q

systolic pressure

A

peeak pressure at which ventricles are contacting

41
Q

diastolic pressure

A

minimum pressure between heartbeats at which the ventricles are relaxed

42
Q

Normal blood pressure?

A

120 mm/75mm

43
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure (diastole over 75 mm)

44
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure (diastole less than 70 mm)

45
Q

arteriols

A

smaller arteries entering organs and tissues and ending in capillaries

46
Q

venules

A

smaller veins leaving organs and tissues

47
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessel, in tissues and organs

48
Q

4 basic tissue layers of arteries and veins

A
  1. endothelium
  2. elastic fibers
  3. smooth muscle
  4. connective tissue
49
Q

the lymphatic system

A

fluid that does not return to capillaries is returned to circulation by the lymphatic system
-most fluid leaves at arteriole end of capillary and reutrns to venule end

50
Q

Lymphatic system consists of..

A

lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs (spleen and thymus)

51
Q

atherosclerosis

A

accumulation of fatty material within arteries, impedes blood flow

52
Q

autonomic nervous system in relation to heart

A

modulates heart rhythm and force of contraction

53
Q

Medulla oblongata in relation to heart

A

modulates heart rate

  • norepinephrine, from sympathetic neurons, increases heart rate
  • acetylcholine, from parasympathetic neurons, decreases heart rate

Biology II (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions