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AP Pysch > Chapter 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

A

Perception

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1
Q

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

A

Sensation

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2
Q

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works way up to the brains integration of sensory information

A

Bottom-up processing

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3
Q

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

A

Top-down processing

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4
Q

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity and out psychological experience of them

A

Psychophysics

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5
Q

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

A

Absolute threshold

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6
Q

A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of fain stimulus amid background stimulation assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on persons experience expectations motivation and level of fatigue

A

Signal detection theory

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7
Q

Below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

Subliminal

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8
Q

The activation often unconsciously of certain associations thus predisposing ones perceptions memory or response

A

Priming

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9
Q

The minimum difference between toe stimuli required for detection 50’percent of the time we experience the divergence threshold as a just noticeable difference

A

Difference threshold

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10
Q

The principle that to be perceived as different two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

A

Webers law

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11
Q

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

A

Sensory adaptation

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12
Q

Conversion of one form of energy into another in sensation the transforming of stimulus energies such as sights sounds and smells into neural impulses in our brain

A

Transduction

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13
Q

The distance from the break do one light or sound wavs to the peak of the next

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

The dimension of color that is determined by wavelength of light

A

Hue

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15
Q

The amount of energy in a light or sound wave which we perceive as brightness or loudness

A

Intensity

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16
Q

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

A

Pupil

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17
Q

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

A

Iris

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18
Q

Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on retina

A

Lens

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19
Q

Process by which the eyes lens changes shape to help focus near or far objects on retina

A

Accommodation

20
Q

Light sensitive inner surface of the eye contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

A

Retina

21
Q

Sharpness of vision

A

Acuity

22
Q

Condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant because distant objects focus in front of the retina

A

Nearsightedness

23
Q

Condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near because the image near objects is focused behind the retina

A

Farsightedness

24
Q

Retinal receptors that direct black white and gray necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when it cones don’t respond

A

Rods

25
Q

Retinal receptor tells the that are concentrated near the center if the retinal and function in daytime and weep lit conditions detect fine details and give rise to color and sensation

A

Cones

26
Q

Nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain

A

Optic nerve

27
Q

Point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

A

Blind spot

28
Q

The central focal point in the retina around which the eyes cones cluster

A

Fovea

29
Q

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features if the stimulus

A

Feature detection

30
Q

Processing of several aspects of problem simultaneously brain natural mode if the processing for many functions

A

Parallel processing

31
Q

Theory that the retina contains three different color receptors which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color

A

Young helmholtz trichromatic theory

32
Q

Theory that opposing retina processes enable color vision

A

Opponent process theory

33
Q

Color will remain roughly contrast as lighting and wave length sift

A

Color constancy

34
Q

The sense or act of hearing

A

Audition

35
Q

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

A

Frequency

36
Q

A tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

A

Pitch

37
Q

The chamber between eardrums and cochlea contains three tiny bones the concentrate the vibration of eardrum on cochlea’s oval window

A

Middle ear

38
Q

Coiled bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

A

Cochlea

39
Q

The innermost ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

A

Inner ear

40
Q

In hearing the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

A

Place theory

41
Q

In hearing the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of tone thus enabling us to sense pitch

A

Frequency theory

42
Q

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

A

Conduction hearing loss

43
Q

Pleading loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to auditory nerves

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

44
Q

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

A

Cochlear implant

45
Q

Theory that spinal cord contains neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to lads on to the brain

A

Gate control theory

46
Q

The principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences it’s taste

A

Sensory interaction

47
Q

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A

Kinesthesis

48
Q

The sense of body movement and position including the sense of balance

A

Vestibular sense

AP Pysch (25 decks)

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