Chapter 16

Question 0

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Answer 0

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 1

​: deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

: the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

Answer 2

Medical Model

Question 3

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated “text revision” (DSM-IV-TR).

Answer 3

DSM-IV

Question 4

: psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 4

Anxiety Disorders

Question 5

: an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 5

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 6

: an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Answer 6

Panic Disorder

Question 7

: an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or stimulation.

Answer 7

Phobia

Question 8

: an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Answer 8

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 9

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 9

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 10

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 10

Dissociative Disorders

Question 11

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 11

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Question 12

: psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 12

Mood disorder

Question 13

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Answer 13

Major Depression Disorder

Question 14

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Answer 14

Mania

Question 15

: a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depression disorder.)

Answer 15

Bipolar disorder

Question 16

: a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Answer 16

Schizophrenia

Question 17

​: false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Answer 17

Delusions

Question 18

: psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 18

Personality Disorders

Question 19

: a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 19

Antisocial Personality Disorder