Chapter 4 Vocab 2nd Half Flashcards
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
Imprinting
An optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
Critical period
According to Erik Erikson a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
Basic trust
A sense of ones identity and personal worth
Self concept
The transition period from childhood to adulthood extending from puberty to independence
Adolescence
The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
Puberty
The body structures (ovaries testes and external, genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
Primary sex traits
Nonreproductive sexual characteristics such as female breasts and hips male voice quality and body hair
Secondary sex traits
Described the development of moral reasoning
Lawrence Kohlberg
Before age 9 most children have a preconventional morality of self interest they obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
Preconventional morality
By early adolescence morality usually evolves to a more conventional level that cares for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules
Conventional morality
Some of those who develop the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought may come to a 3rd level
Postconventional morality
The first menstrual cycle
Menarche
Theories that contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task a crisis that needs resolution
Erik Erikson
Ones sense of self according to Erikson the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
Identity
In Eriksons theory the ability to form close loving relationships a primary development task in late adolescence and early childhood
Intimacy
The time of natural cessation of menstruation also refers to the biological changes of woman experience as her ability to reproduce declines
Menopause
A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory reasoning language and finally functioning
Alzheimer’s disease
Impose rules and expect obedience
Authoritarian parents
Submit to their children’s desires make few demands and use little punishment
Permissive parenting
Are demanding and responsive they exert control not only by setting rules and enforcing them but also by explaining the reason
Authoritative parents
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
Cross sectional study
Research in which the same people are testified and retested over a long period
Longitudinal study
Ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills tends to increase with age
Crystallized intelligence
One ability to reason speedily and abstractly tends to decrease during late adulthood
Fluid intelligence
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage parenthood and retirement
Social clock
