Chapter 15 1st half

Question 0

: in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Answer 0

Free association

Question 1

​: an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

: Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions.

Answer 2

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

Answer 3

Id

Question 4

the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

Answer 4

Ego

Question 5

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.

Answer 5

Superego

Question 6

: the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.

Answer 6

Psychosexual Stages

Question 7

according to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Answer 7

Oedipus Complex

Question 8

the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

Answer 8

Identification

Question 9

according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

Answer 9

Fixation

Question 10

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Answer 10

Defense Mechanisms

Question 11

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from unconsciousness.

Answer 11

Repression

Question 12

psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated.

Answer 12

Regression

Question 13

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.

Answer 13

Reaction Formation

Question 14

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

Answer 14

Projection

Question 15

defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions.

Answer 15

Rationalization

Question 16

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive threatening object of person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

Answer 16

Displacement

Question 17

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.

Answer 17

Collective Unconscious

Question 18

a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics.

Answer 18

Projective Test

Question 19

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

Answer 19

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 20

the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

Answer 20

Rorschach Inkblot Test