Chapter 17 Flashcards
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system.
Biomedical Therapy
: an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.
Psychotherapy
: an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
Eclectic approach
Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
Psychoanalysis
developed psychoanalysis, which was the first of the psychological therapies.
Sigmund Freud
: in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
Free association
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Resistance
: in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
Interpretation
: in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).
Transference
: a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy)
Client-Centered Therapy
believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies. Unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth, each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth and fulfillment. He believed that a growth-promoting climate required three conditions—genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
Carl Rogers
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy.
Active Listening
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Behavior Therapy
a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.
Counterconditioning
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
Exposure Therapies
a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Systematic Desensitization
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
Aversive Conditioning
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.
Token Economy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
Cognitive Therapy
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
Cognitive-behavior Therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.
Family Therapy
the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.
Regression Toward the Mean
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
Meta-Analysis
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
Psychopharmacology
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors.
Tardive Dyskinesia
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
Psychosurgery
