Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Concept
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Cognition
A mental image or best example of a category
Prototype
A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
Algorithm
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
Heuristics
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem it contrasts with strategy based solutions
Insight
A tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions
Confirmation bias
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective an impediment to problem solving
Fixation
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way often a way that has been successful in the past
Mental set
The tendency to think of things only in terms of there usual functions an impediment to problem solving
Function fixation
Judging the likelihood of hints in terms of how we,k they seem to represent or match particular prototypes may lead one to ignore other relevant information
Representative heuristics
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory if instances come readily to mind we presume such events as common
Availability heuristics
The tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgements
Overconfidence
The way an issue is posed how it is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements
Framing
The tendency for ones pre existing beliefs to distort logical reasoning sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid or valid conclusions seem invalid
Belief bias
