chapter 5 textbook

Question 1

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 1

Nonverbal communication serves vital functions, providing information, regulating interaction, and defining the nature of the relationship two people share.

Question 2

Facial expression.

Answer 2

Facial expressions are good guides to others’ moods, but cultural norms influence expressive behavior

Question 3

Gazing behavior.

Answer 3

The direction and amount of a person’s looking is important in defining relationships and in regulating interaction. In addition, our pupils dilate when we’re seeing something that interests us.

Question 4

Body movement

Answer 4

Gestures vary widely across cultures, but the posture and motion of the entire body are informative as well.

Question 5

Touch

Answer 5

Different types of touch have distinctly different meanings.

Question 6

Interpersonal distance.

Answer 6

We use different zones of personal space—the intimate, personal, social, and public zones—for different kinds of interactions.

Question 7

Smell

Answer 7

Information about one’s emotions is transmitted to others by one’s
smell.

Question 8

Paralanguage

Answer 8

Paralanguage involves all the variations in a person’s voice—such as rhythm, rate, and loudness—other than the words he or she uses.

Question 9

Combining the components

Answer 9

Mimicry occurs when people use similar nonverbal behavior without realizing it. Nonverbal actions allow us to fine-tune the intimacy
of our interactions in subtle but real ways.

Question 10

Nonverbal Sensitivity

Answer 10

Unhappy spouses, especially husbands, do a poor job at nonverbal communication.

Question 11

Self-Disclosure

Answer 11

Intimacy involves sharing personal information about oneself to
one’s partner.

Question 12

How self-disclosure develops

Answer 12

As a relationship develops, both the breadth and depth of self-disclosure increase. Intimacy develops when we perceive responsiveness in others that indicates that they understand us and care about us.

Question 13

secrets and other things we don’t want to talk about

Answer 13

Couples avoid taboo topics, and some secrecy is routine even in intimate partnerships.

Question 14

Self-disclosure and relationship satisfaction

Answer 14

Appropriate self-disclosure breeds liking and contentment, and expressions of affection are good for us.

Question 15

Gender Differences in Verbal Communication

Answer 15

Women are more likely than men to discuss feelings and people, but men and women are equally talkative. However, macho men self-disclose relatively little to other men even when they are friends, and thus are likely to share their most meaningful intimacy only with women.

Question 16

Miscommunication.

Answer 16

Distressed couples have trouble saying what they mean, and they engage in destructive verbal behavior characterized by kitchen-sinking, drifting off- beam, mindreading, interruptions, yes-butting, and cross-complaining. Criticism, contempt, stonewalling, defensiveness, and belligerence are especially corrosive.

Question 17

Saying What We Mean.

Answer 17

Skillful senders use behavior description, I-statements, and XYZ statements to focus on specific actions and make their feelings clear.

Question 18

Active Listening.

Answer 18

Good listeners use paraphrasing and perception checking to understand their partners.

Question 19

Being Polite and Staying Cool.

Answer 19

Happy couples also avoid extended periods of
negative affect reciprocity.

Question 20

The Power of Respect and Validation

Answer 20

Partners should communicate respect and recognition of the other’s point of view even when they disagree.

Question 21

interpersonal gap

Answer 21

which the sender’s intentions differ from the effect on the receiver. Indeed, such gaps are actually more likely to occur in close relationships than they are among strangers

Question 22

Providing information

Answer 22

A person’s behavior allows others to make inferences about his or her intentions, feelings, traits, and meaning

A husband’s facial expression leads his wife to judge that he is upset

Question 23

Regulating interaction

Answer 23

Nonverbal behavior provides cues that regulate the efficient give-and- take of smooth conversations and other interactions

A woman starts looking steadily at her partner as the tone of her voice drops on her last word, and he starts speaking because he knows she’s finished

Question 24

Defining the nature of the relationship

Answer 24

The type of partnership two people share may be evident in their non- verbal behavior

Lovers stand closer to each other, touch more, and look at each other more than less intimate partners do

Question 25

Interpersonal influence

Answer 25

Goal-oriented behavior designed to influence someone else

As a person requests a favor from his friend, he leans forward, touches him on the arm, and gazes intently

Question 26

Impression management (of couples)

Answer 26

Nonverbal behavior that is managed by a person or a couple to create or enhance a particular image

A couple may quarrel on the way to a party but then hold hands and pre- tend to be happy with each other once they arrive

Question 27

talk table

Answer 27

researchers getting info abt relationship w partner

when communication is frusterating they are less happy in 5 yrs

Question 28

types of interpersonal distance

Answer 28

intimate zone of interpersonal distance extends out from the front of our chests about a foot-and-a-half

personal zone that ranges from 11⁄2 to 4 feet away from us.

social zone (4 to 12 feet),

public zone, which is used for structured interaction like that between an instructor and his or her students in a lecture class.

Question 29

visual dominance ratio

Answer 29

hat compares “look-speak” (the percentage of time a speaker gazes at a listener) to “look-listen.” A high-power pattern of gazing turns the typical ratio of 40/60 on its head, producing a high VDR of 60/40 (Ellyson et al., 1992). Dominant partners in an interaction can insist, “Look at me when I’m talking to you!” but they often do not offer as much visual attention in return.