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7th Grade Science > Chapter 5, Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 5, Lesson 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are three characteristics seed plants share?

A

1) They have vascular tissue
2) They use pollen and seeds to reproduce
3) They all have roots stems and leaves

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2
Q

In seed plants, the plants you see are what stage? And the microscopic parts are what stage?

A

Plants that you see are the sporophyte stage. The gametophytes are microscopic.

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3
Q

What are two functions of vascular tissue in seed plants?

A

1) support for the plant

2) food, water, and nutrients are transported throughout the plant

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4
Q

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

A

Phloem and xylem

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5
Q

What is the vascular tissue through which food moves?

A

Phloem

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6
Q

What is the vascular tissue that water and minerals travel?

A

Xylem

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7
Q

What are tiny structures that contain cells that later become sperm cells?

A

Pollen

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8
Q

What is a structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering?

A

Seed

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9
Q

How do seeds develop?

A

Pollen delivers sperm cells near the eggs. The sperm fertilize the egg, and then the seeds develop.

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10
Q

What needs to happen for the seed to begin to grow?

A

A seed needs to land in an area where the conditions are favorable.

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11
Q

What are the three main parts of a seed?

A

Embryo, stored food, and seed coat

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12
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Fertilized egg

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13
Q

What is a young plant that develops from the fertilized egg?

A

Embryo

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14
Q

What are the seed leaves on the embryo called?

A

Cotyledons

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15
Q

True of false

In seeds, food is never stored in the cotyledons. It is only stored outside the embryo.

A

False. In some seeds, food is stored in the cotyledon.

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16
Q

What is the outer covering of a seed called?

A

Seed coat

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17
Q

What is the function of the seed coat?

A

The seed coat protects the embryo and keeps its food from drying out. It also allows the seed to remain inactive for a long time.

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18
Q

What is the scattering of seeds called?

A

Seed dispersal

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19
Q

What are four ways seeds are dispersed?

A

1) Animals
2) Water
3) Wind
4) Ejection

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20
Q

What is it called when the embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed?

A

Germination

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21
Q

When does germination begin?

A

Germination begins when the seed absorbs water from the environment.

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22
Q

After the seed gets water, what does the embryo use to begin to grow?

A

Stored food

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23
Q

What grows first, the embryo’s roots or it’s stem and leaves?

A

Roots

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24
Q

Once you can see a plant’s leaves, what is the plant called?

A

Seedling

25
Q

Why does a seed have a better chance of becoming a seedling if it is dispersed far from the parent plant?

A

Because then it doesn’t have to compete with its parent for light, water, and nutrients.

26
Q

What are the three main functions of roots?

A

1) They anchored the plant in the ground
2) They absorb water and minerals from the soil
3) They sometimes store food

27
Q

What are the two main types of root systems?

A

Fibrous root system and taproot system

28
Q

Describe a fibrous root system and give an example

A

A fibrous root system consist of similarly sized roots that form a dense, tangled mass. An onion is an example.

29
Q

Describe a taproot system and give an example

A

A taproot system has one long, thick main root with many smaller roots branching off of it. A dandelion is an example.

30
Q

What protects the root from injury from rocks as the root grows through the soil?

A

The root cap

31
Q

What is behind the root cap?

A

Cells that divide to form new root cells

32
Q

Where do root hairs grow?

A

They grow out of the root’s surface

33
Q

What do the root hairs do?

A

They absorb water and minerals and help anchor the plant in the soil.

34
Q

What are the two main functions of stems?

A

1) They carry substances between the roots and leaves

2) They provide support and hold up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun.

35
Q

What are the two types of a stems?

A

Herbaceous or woody

36
Q

Describe a herbaceous stem and give an example?

A

Herbaceous stems contain no wood and are often soft. Coneflowers are an example

37
Q

Describe a woody stem and give an example?

A

Woody stems are hard and rigid. Maple trees are an example

38
Q

What is the outermost layer of a woody stem called?

A

Bark

39
Q

What is include in bark?

A

Bark includes an outer protective layer and an inner layer of living phloem.

40
Q

What is the next layer of cells in a woody stem after the living phloem?

A

Cambium

41
Q

What produces new phloem and xylem I n a woody stem?

A

Cambium

42
Q

What is the active xylem called for n a woody stem?

A

Sapwood

43
Q

What is old, inactive xylem called in a woody stem?

A

Heartwood

44
Q

What do annual rings represent and what are they made of?

A

Annual rings represent a tree’s annual growth. They are made of xylem.

45
Q

Annual rings that are wide and light brown are formed when?

A

Spring

46
Q

Annual rings that are thin and dark are formed when?

A

Summer

47
Q

When looking at a pair of light and dark annual rings, what does this tell us?

A

One year of growth for the tree

48
Q

What other information can annual rings tell us?

A

Past weather conditions

49
Q

What important role do leaves play in a plant?

A

Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis.

50
Q

What are the small openings or pores on the surface of a leaf called?

A

Stomata

51
Q

What do stomata do?

A

When the pores are open, carbon dioxide enters the leaf and oxygen and water vapor exit.

52
Q

What is the waxy water proof coating of the leaf and what does it do?

A

Cuticle and it controls water loss.

53
Q

What are tightly packed cells of the leaf and what do they do?

A

Upper leaf cells and they trap energy in sunlight.

54
Q

What are the widely spaced cells of a leaf and what do they do?

A

Lower leaf cells and they allow for carbon dioxide to reach the cells for photosynthesis and oxygen to escape into the air.

55
Q

Where are the chloroplasts located and why?

A

Chloroplasts are located near the leaf’s upper surface so they can get the most light.

56
Q

How do the chloroplasts trap the sun’s energy?

A

Chlorophyll

57
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

Sugar and oxygen are produced from the carbon dioxide and water.

58
Q

What is the process by which water evaporates from a plants leaves called?

A

Transpiration

59
Q

How does a plant slow down transpiration?

A

Closing the stomata

7th Grade Science (24 decks)

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