Chapter 2, Section 2

Question 1

Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes because the genetic material in their cells is not contained in the nucleus.

Question 2

What are the bacterial cell structures?

Answer 2

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, flagellum, genetic material

Question 3

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 3

The rigid cell wall protects the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

The cell membrane controls what materials pass into and out of the cell.

Question 5

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm is the region inside the cell membrane which contains gel like material.

Question 6

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 6

Ribosomes are tiny structures located in the cytoplasm. They are chemical factories where proteins are produced.

Question 7

What is the function of the genetic material?

Answer 7

The genetic material is found in the cytoplasm. It contains the instructions for all of the cells functions.

Question 8

What is the function of the flagellum?

Answer 8

The flagellum move the cell by spinning in place like a propeller.

Question 9

How many flagellum can a bacterial cell have?

Answer 9

A bacterial cell can have many flagella, one, or none.

Question 10

If a bacteria does not have any flagella how do they move?

Answer 10

They are carried from place to place by the air, water currents, objects, or other methods.

Question 11

What are the three shapes most bacteria are?

Answer 11

Rod like, spherical, spiral shaped.

Question 12

Do bacteria very greatly in size?

Answer 12

Yes, they vary from the size of a period at the end of a sentence to a micrometer which is 1 millionth of the meter.

Question 13

What are 3 differences between a bacteria cell and virus?

Answer 13

1. A virus is a nonliving particle and a bacteria is a prokaryote.
2. A virus doesn’t have a cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm or flagella, but instead has a protein coat and surface proteins.
3. A virus requires a living host to survive. A bacteria can exist on both living and non living hosts.

Question 14

What two things do bacteria need to survive?

Answer 14

Bacteria must have a source of food and a way of breaking down the food to release its energy.

Question 15

How does bacteria obtain food?

Answer 15

Some bacteria are autotroghs and make their own food. Some bacteria are heterotrophs and cannot make their own food, but instead must consume other organisms or the food the other organisms make.

Question 16

What are two ways autotrophic bacteria make food?

Answer 16

Some capture and use the sun’s energy as plants do, while others use chemical substances in their environment.

Question 17

What is the process of breaking down food to release its energy called?

Answer 17

Respiration

Question 18

Most bacteria need what to break down there food?

Answer 18

Oxygen

Question 19

What do bacteria need to reproduce?

Answer 19

Plenty of food, the right temperature and other suitable conditions.

Question 20

What is it called when one cell divides to form two identical cells?

Answer 20

Binary fission

Question 21

What is the reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent?

Answer 21

Asexual reproduction

Question 22

Is binary fission asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction?

Answer 22

Asexual reproduction

Question 23

True or false

With binary fission each new cell is identical to the parent cell.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is it called when two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents?

Answer 24

Sexual reproduction

Question 25

What is the process called when one bacterium transfers some of its genetic material into another bacterium through a thin thread like bridge that joins the two cells?

Answer 25

Conjugation

Question 26

Does conjugation increase the number of bacteria?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Does conjugation result in new bacteria that are genetically different from the parent cells?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What are the 6 ways that people depend on bacteria?

Answer 28

1) Oxygen production
2) Food production
3) Environmental recycling
4) Environmental cleanup
5) Health maintenance
6) Medicine production

Question 29

How does bacteria produce oxygen?

Answer 29

As autotrophic bacteria uses the sun’s energy to produce food, they also release oxygen into the air.

Question 30

During what process is food heated to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food?

Answer 30

Pasteurization

Question 31

What is an example of bacteria in food production?

Answer 31

Bacteria that grow in milk produce dairy products such as yogurt, sour cream, and cheese.

Question 32

What are organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals called?

Answer 32

Decomposers

Question 33

What is an example of environmental recycling bacteria?

Answer 33

When leaves fall off trees that die in autumn, there is decomposing bacteria on those leaves that break down the chemicals in the dead leaves. Then those chemicals mix with the soil and are absorbed by roots of nearby plants.

Question 34

What returns basic chemicals to the environment for other living things to reuse?

Answer 34

Natures recyclers or decomposers

Question 35

What is an example of how bacteria can be used to clean up Earth’s land and water?

Answer 35

Some bacteria convert the poisonous chemicals in oil to harmless substances. Scientists use them to clean up oil spills in the ocean.

Question 36

What is an example of how bacteria can keep you healthy?

Answer 36

Bacteria in your intestines can help you digest your food.

Question 37

What is an example of using bacteria to make medicine?

Answer 37

Scientists engineers bacteria to produce human insulin which is used for diabetes patients.

Question 38

How do bacteria obtain energy to carry out their functions?

Answer 38

Bacteria’s energy comes from food.