Chapter 2, Section 1 Flashcards
What is a tiny nonliving particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell called?
Virus
How are viruses different from organisms?
1) They do not use their own energy to grow
2) They do not respond to their surroundings
3) They cannot make food or take in food
4) They cannot produce waste
How are viruses similar to organisms?
The only way in which viruses are like organisms is that they are able to multiply.
What is the only way that viruses can multiply?
Viruses can multiply only when they are inside a living cell.
What is an organism that provide a source of energy for a virus or another organism?
Host
What is an organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm?
Parasite
What is a virus that infects bacteria called?
Bacteriophage
What are some examples of shapes that viruses can be?
Round, rod shaped, threads, bullets, or complex robotlike shapes
Which is larger a virus or a bacterium?
Bacterium
What are some ways that viruses can be named?
Viruses can be named after the 1)disease they cause, 2)for the organisms they infect, 3)the place where they were found, 4)after the people who found them.
What are the two basic parts all viruses have?
A protein coat and genetic material
What role do the proteins in a virus’s outer coat play in the invasion of a host cell?
Each virus contains unique surface proteins. The shape of the surface proteins allow the virus to attached to certain cells in the host. Like “keys” the virus’s proteins fit only into certain “locks” or proteins on the surface of the host cells.
True or false
Some viruses are surrounded by an outer membrane envelope.
True
What is the difference between active and hidden viruses?
Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin to multiply leading to the quick death of the invaded cells. Hidden viruses “hide” for a while inside host cells before becoming active.
Where in the host cell does the hidden virus “hide” while it is inactive?
The virus’s genetic material becomes part of the genetic material of the bacterium.
What is an example of a hidden virus?
A cold sore virus
What is an example of an active virus?
The influenza virus
What is an example of how viruses can be useful?
Gene therapy
Bacteriophages are viruses that attack and destroy what?
Bacteria
Which part of a virus determines which host cells they can infect?
Surface proteins
How do viruses multiply?
By taking over a cell’s functions
True or false
Active viruses enter a cell in immediately begin to multiply.
True
What does the protein coat do?
Protects the virus
What does the inner core made genetic material do?
A virus’s genetic material contains the instructions for making new viruses.
What is one way that viruses can be useful?
Gene therapy-scientists add genetic material to a virus and then use the virus as a “messenger service” to deliver the genetic material to the cells that need it. Gene therapy can be used for people with cystic fibrosis.
