Chapter 2, Section 1

Question 1

What is a tiny nonliving particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell called?

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

How are viruses different from organisms?

Answer 2

1) They do not use their own energy to grow
2) They do not respond to their surroundings
3) They cannot make food or take in food
4) They cannot produce waste

Question 3

How are viruses similar to organisms?

Answer 3

The only way in which viruses are like organisms is that they are able to multiply.

Question 4

What is the only way that viruses can multiply?

Answer 4

Viruses can multiply only when they are inside a living cell.

Question 5

What is an organism that provide a source of energy for a virus or another organism?

Answer 5

Host

Question 6

What is an organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm?

Answer 6

Parasite

Question 7

What is a virus that infects bacteria called?

Answer 7

Bacteriophage

Question 8

What are some examples of shapes that viruses can be?

Answer 8

Round, rod shaped, threads, bullets, or complex robotlike shapes

Question 9

Which is larger a virus or a bacterium?

Answer 9

Bacterium

Question 10

What are some ways that viruses can be named?

Answer 10

Viruses can be named after the 1)disease they cause, 2)for the organisms they infect, 3)the place where they were found, 4)after the people who found them.

Question 11

What are the two basic parts all viruses have?

Answer 11

A protein coat and genetic material

Question 12

What role do the proteins in a virus’s outer coat play in the invasion of a host cell?

Answer 12

Each virus contains unique surface proteins. The shape of the surface proteins allow the virus to attached to certain cells in the host. Like “keys” the virus’s proteins fit only into certain “locks” or proteins on the surface of the host cells.

Question 13

True or false

Some viruses are surrounded by an outer membrane envelope.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the difference between active and hidden viruses?

Answer 14

Active viruses enter cells and immediately begin to multiply leading to the quick death of the invaded cells. Hidden viruses “hide” for a while inside host cells before becoming active.

Question 15

Where in the host cell does the hidden virus “hide” while it is inactive?

Answer 15

The virus’s genetic material becomes part of the genetic material of the bacterium.

Question 16

What is an example of a hidden virus?

Answer 16

A cold sore virus

Question 17

What is an example of an active virus?

Answer 17

The influenza virus

Question 18

What is an example of how viruses can be useful?

Answer 18

Gene therapy

Question 19

Bacteriophages are viruses that attack and destroy what?

Answer 19

Bacteria

Question 20

Which part of a virus determines which host cells they can infect?

Answer 20

Surface proteins

Question 21

How do viruses multiply?

Answer 21

By taking over a cell’s functions

Question 22

True or false

Active viruses enter a cell in immediately begin to multiply.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What does the protein coat do?

Answer 23

Protects the virus

Question 24

What does the inner core made genetic material do?

Answer 24

A virus’s genetic material contains the instructions for making new viruses.

Question 25

What is one way that viruses can be useful?

Answer 25

Gene therapy-scientists add genetic material to a virus and then use the virus as a “messenger service” to deliver the genetic material to the cells that need it. Gene therapy can be used for people with cystic fibrosis.