Chapter 1, Section 1

Question 1

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 1

Cellular organization
Contain similar chemicals
Use energy
Respond to their surroundings
Grow and develop
Reproduce

Question 2

All organisms are made up of small building blocks called _______?

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

What is the basic unit of structure and function in an organism?

Answer 3

Cell

Question 4

What is a singe-celled organism called and what is an example of one?

Answer 4

Unicellular

Bacteria

Question 5

What are organisms composed of many cells called?

Answer 5

Multicellular

Question 6

In multicellular organisms, the cells are specialized to do what? Give an example.

Answer 6

Certain tasks, for example, nerve cells in your body carry messages about your surroundings to your brain.

Question 7

Give three examples of chemicals in cells?

Answer 7

Water
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids
Nucleic acids

Question 8

The cells of organisms use energy to do what living things must do. List two examples of this.

Answer 8

Grow and repair injured parts

Stomach and intestines digesting food

Question 9

What is a change in an organisms surrounding that causes the organism to react called? What are three examples?

Answer 9

Stimulus

Temperature, light, sound

Question 10

All organisms react to changes in their surroundings. Give one example.

Answer 10

A plant that bends toward to light.

Question 11

What is it called when an organism reacts to a stimulus with an action or change in behavior?

Answer 11

Response

Question 12

What is the process of becoming larger?

Answer 12

Growth

Question 13

What is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism?

Answer 13

Development

Question 14

What is the ability to produce offspring called? What is an example?

Answer 14

Reproduce

Robins lay eggs that develop into young robins

Question 15

What are the four needs of living things?

Answer 15

Food
Water
Living space
Stable internal conditions

Question 16

What are organisms called that makes their own food? What is an example?

Answer 16

Autotrophs

Plants

Question 17

What are organisms called that can’t make their own food? Give an example.

Answer 17

Heterotrophs

Animals

Question 18

All living things need water to survive. Give three reasons why?

Answer 18

To obtain chemicals from their surroundings
Break down food
Grow
Move substances within their bodies
Reproduce

Question 19

True or false
One property of water that is vital to living things is its ability to dissolve more chemicals than any other substance on Earth.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Because there is limited space on earth, some organisms must compete for space. Give an example of this?

Answer 20

Trees in a forest compete for sunlight.

Question 21

What is the maintenance of stable internal conditions called? What is an example?

Answer 21

Homeostasis
Sweating helps your body maintain a steady body temperature. Your body sweats when you exercise, as the sweat evaporates, it cools your body down.

Question 22

What is one factor a scientist changes called?

Answer 22

Manipulated variable

Question 23

What is the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving things called?

Answer 23

Spontaneous generation

Question 24

How did Redi disprove spontaneous generation? What was the manipulated variable?

Answer 24

He put meat in two jars, one covered (but still let air in) and one uncovered. After a few days he saw maggots (young flies) on the open jar but not the covered jar. He concluded that decaying meat didn’t produce maggots.
Manipulated variable: whether or not the jar was covered.

Question 25

What did Pasteur’s experiment prove?

Answer 25

It proved that bacteria arise only from existing bacteria.