Chapter 4, Section 1 Flashcards
What are the three characteristics that all plants share?
1) Nearly all plants are autotrophs.
2) All plants are eukaroytes that contain many cells
3) All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall
A plant uses carbon dioxide gas and water to make food and oxygen during what process?
Photosynthesis
What are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism called?
Tissues
What does the cell wall surround?
The cell membrane
What does the cell wall separate the cell from?
The cell wall separates the cell from the environment.
What is the material of the cell wall that makes the wall rigid?
Cellulose
What is the name example of a rigid cell wall?
Cell walls are what make apples and carrots crunchy.
What is the structure in a plant cell called where food is made? Hint: it looks like a green jellybean!
Chloroplasts
What is the part of the plant cell called that stores many substances including water waste and food?
The vacuole
Why do plants wilt?
A plant wilts when too much water has left its vacuoles
What are the five ways plants adapt for living on land?
1) obtaining water and other nutrients
2) retaining water
3) transporting materials in their bodies
4) support their bodies
5) reproduce
Where do plants that live on land get water and other nutrients?
Soil
What happens when there is more water in plant cells than in the air?
The water leaves the plant and enters the air.
What is one adaptation that helps a plant reduce water loss?
Most plants have a waxy, waterproof layer called the cuticle that covers the leaves.
What do all plant cells need?
Water, minerals, food
Water and minerals are taken up by the ___________ part of the plant, while food is made in the _______ part of the plant.
Bottom, top
What is a system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, food, and minerals move?
Vascular tissue
What do larger plants use to move materials more efficiently?
Vascular tissue
In large plants, what two things strengthen and support their large bodies?
Rigid cell walls, and vascular tissue
What occurs when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell?
Fertilization
What type of fertilization do all plants undergo?
Sexual reproduction that involves fertilization.
What is the fertilized egg called?
Zygote
How does fertilization occur in algae and some plants?
Sperm cells swim through the water to the egg cells.
What are the two major groups scientist plants into?
Vascular plants and nonvascular plants
What are plants that lack a well developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials called?
Non-vascular plants
What are 5 things that can describe a non-vascular plant?
1) They are low growing
2) They do not have roots for absorbing water
3) They obtain water and materials directly from their surroundings
4) They cannot grow more than a few centimeters tall
5) They live in damp, shady places
What are two examples of non-vascular plants?
Mosses and liverworts
Plants with true vascular tissue are called what?
Vascular plants
What does basketball or tissue provide a plant?
Vascular tissue provides strength, stability, and support to a plant.
What are the three categories of vascular plants?
Seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
Which type of vascular plants reproduce by making spores? Give an example.
Seedless vascular plants. The staghorn fern is an example.
What type of vascular plants reproduce by seeds, but do not form flowers or fruit? Give an example.
Gymnosperms. And example is the Bristlecone Pine.
What type of vascular plants flower and produce seeds that are surrounded by fruit? Give an example.
Angiosperms. Two examples are the Beavertail cactus and wheat.
Plants have complex life cycles. What are the two different stages?
The sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage
What is the stage called that the plant produces spores, tiny cells that grow into new organisms?
Sporophyte
What is the stage called that the plant produces sperm cells and egg cells?
Gametophyte
Describe a typical plant lifecycle.
1) A sperm cell and an egg cell join to form a zygote.
2) The zygote then develops into a sporophyte.
3) The sporophyte produces spores which develop into a gametophyte.
4) The gametophyte produces sperm cells and egg cells, and the cycle starts again.
What is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria called?
Chlorophyll
