Chapter 4, Section 1

Question 1

What are the three characteristics that all plants share?

Answer 1

1) Nearly all plants are autotrophs.
2) All plants are eukaroytes that contain many cells
3) All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall

Question 2

A plant uses carbon dioxide gas and water to make food and oxygen during what process?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

What are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism called?

Answer 3

Tissues

Question 4

What does the cell wall surround?

Answer 4

The cell membrane

Question 5

What does the cell wall separate the cell from?

Answer 5

The cell wall separates the cell from the environment.

Question 6

What is the material of the cell wall that makes the wall rigid?

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

What is the name example of a rigid cell wall?

Answer 7

Cell walls are what make apples and carrots crunchy.

Question 8

What is the structure in a plant cell called where food is made? Hint: it looks like a green jellybean!

Answer 8

Chloroplasts

Question 9

What is the part of the plant cell called that stores many substances including water waste and food?

Answer 9

The vacuole

Question 10

Why do plants wilt?

Answer 10

A plant wilts when too much water has left its vacuoles

Question 11

What are the five ways plants adapt for living on land?

Answer 11

1) obtaining water and other nutrients
2) retaining water
3) transporting materials in their bodies
4) support their bodies
5) reproduce

Question 12

Where do plants that live on land get water and other nutrients?

Answer 12

Soil

Question 13

What happens when there is more water in plant cells than in the air?

Answer 13

The water leaves the plant and enters the air.

Question 14

What is one adaptation that helps a plant reduce water loss?

Answer 14

Most plants have a waxy, waterproof layer called the cuticle that covers the leaves.

Question 15

What do all plant cells need?

Answer 15

Water, minerals, food

Question 16

Water and minerals are taken up by the ___________ part of the plant, while food is made in the _______ part of the plant.

Answer 16

Bottom, top

Question 17

What is a system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, food, and minerals move?

Answer 17

Vascular tissue

Question 18

What do larger plants use to move materials more efficiently?

Answer 18

Vascular tissue

Question 19

In large plants, what two things strengthen and support their large bodies?

Answer 19

Rigid cell walls, and vascular tissue

Question 20

What occurs when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell?

Answer 20

Fertilization

Question 21

What type of fertilization do all plants undergo?

Answer 21

Sexual reproduction that involves fertilization.

Question 22

What is the fertilized egg called?

Answer 22

Zygote

Question 23

How does fertilization occur in algae and some plants?

Answer 23

Sperm cells swim through the water to the egg cells.

Question 24

What are the two major groups scientist plants into?

Answer 24

Vascular plants and nonvascular plants

Question 25

What are plants that lack a well developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials called?

Answer 25

Non-vascular plants

Question 26

What are 5 things that can describe a non-vascular plant?

Answer 26

1) They are low growing
2) They do not have roots for absorbing water
3) They obtain water and materials directly from their surroundings
4) They cannot grow more than a few centimeters tall
5) They live in damp, shady places

Question 27

What are two examples of non-vascular plants?

Answer 27

Mosses and liverworts

Question 28

Plants with true vascular tissue are called what?

Answer 28

Vascular plants

Question 29

What does basketball or tissue provide a plant?

Answer 29

Vascular tissue provides strength, stability, and support to a plant.

Question 30

What are the three categories of vascular plants?

Answer 30

Seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

Question 31

Which type of vascular plants reproduce by making spores? Give an example.

Answer 31

Seedless vascular plants. The staghorn fern is an example.

Question 32

What type of vascular plants reproduce by seeds, but do not form flowers or fruit? Give an example.

Answer 32

Gymnosperms. And example is the Bristlecone Pine.

Question 33

What type of vascular plants flower and produce seeds that are surrounded by fruit? Give an example.

Answer 33

Angiosperms. Two examples are the Beavertail cactus and wheat.

Question 34

Plants have complex life cycles. What are the two different stages?

Answer 34

The sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage

Question 35

What is the stage called that the plant produces spores, tiny cells that grow into new organisms?

Answer 35

Sporophyte

Question 36

What is the stage called that the plant produces sperm cells and egg cells?

Answer 36

Gametophyte

Question 37

Describe a typical plant lifecycle.

Answer 37

1) A sperm cell and an egg cell join to form a zygote.
2) The zygote then develops into a sporophyte.
3) The sporophyte produces spores which develop into a gametophyte.
4) The gametophyte produces sperm cells and egg cells, and the cycle starts again.

Question 38

What is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria called?

Answer 38

Chlorophyll